For the Sfagtung Permmttrl 



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ST AND A R D OI L COMPANY 

(Incorporated in Nov Jo r soy) 





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CXS3RIGHT DEPOSffi 



Manager, Marine Department, 
Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), 
26 Broadway, 
New York. 

Dear Sir: — 

This is to acknowledge receipt of copy 
. M. . . . of the Marine Department 
Regulations for the Fleet of The Standard 
Oil Co. (N.J.). 

Signed 

Vessel 

192 

This receipt is to be signed and returned 
promptly by the recipient of this book. 



15 



PREFACE 



The "Marine Department Regulations" are for 
the information and guidance of Masters and 
Officers in the service of this Company in routine 
matters and under usual conditions. 

Masters and officers shall familiarize them- 
selves with the contents of this book in general 
and refer to it frequently for guidance in the ordi- 
nary course of operation. 

Nothing in these regulations relieves the Cap- 
tain or Officers of their responsibilities as defined 
by law or from the exercise of proper judgment 
in an emergency or under unusual or extraordi- 
nary conditions rendering them inapplicable. 

It is to be understood that the word "Officers," 
wherever used in these instructions or in the busi- 
ness correspondence of the Standard Oil Co. 
(N. J.) Marine Department, is intended to include 
all men holding licenses. 

Whenever a periodical or routine inspection or 
drill required by these instructions is carried out, 
the fact shall be duly noted in the Deck Log. 

Telegrams to the New York office from United 
States ports shall be addressed to R. L. Hague, 
26 Broadway, New York. 

Cables to the New York office from foreign 
ports shall be addressed to "Stanship," New York. 

Wireless messages to the New York office shall 
be addressed to "Stanship," New York. 

Letters to the New York office shall be ad- 
dressed to: 

Standard Oil Company (New Jersey), 
Marine Department, 
26 Broadway, 

New York, N. Y. 



1 



Inspection Service. The Master is responsible 
for the application of all rules and regulations of 
the U. S. Steamboat Inspection Service. Masters 
must have on board the latest instructions in 
this regard, and ignorance will not be accepted 
as an excuse for non-compliance. 

8. Economy and protection of property. The 
Master shall exercise strict economy in the use of 
all supplies and assure himself that there is no 
deterioration of the vessel or equipment due to 
carelessness or neglect. 

9. Inspections. In order to comply with the 
provisions of paragraph 8 it is expected that the 
Master will make inspections of the ship as fre- 
quently as his other duties permit, in company 
with his subordinates directly responsible. 

10. Welfare of personnel and sanitation. The 
Master shall be responsible for the welfare of the 
personnel on his vessel and shall inspect daily 
the living quarters of the crew and the galley, 
and insist upon cleanliness and observance of the 
necessary sanitary precautions, to guard against 
disease or its spread, vermin, or other nuisances 
due to filth. 

11. Grievances of personnel. The Master shall 
afford an opportunity to ship's personnel to lay 
before him any grievances, and shall investigate 
each case and take prompt steps to equitably 
adjust same. 

12. Cases of misconduct. The Master shall 
require his officers or other subordinates in au- 
thority to report all cases of neglect, carelessness 
in performance of duty or misconduct observed, 
and shall impartially investigate both sides of any 
controversy as soon as practicable after occur- 
rence, rendering a just decision according to the 
merits of the case. 

13. Punishment. No punishment shall be 
meted out to any of ship's personnel except by 



the Master, and then only after personal investi- 
gation as set forth in paragraph twelve. 

14. Punishment entered in log. Details of 
misconduct and penalties incurred shall be fully 
and clearly entered in the ship's official log. 

15. Responsibility for records. The Master is 
responsible for the proper keeping of all records, 
and shall require his subordinates from time to 
time to produce ship's records kept by them for 
his inspection. 

16. Investigation of accidents. In case of ac- 
cident involving injury to vessel, personnel, cargo 
or equipment, or injury to other vessel, its per- 
sonnel, cargo or equipment, or to property ashore, 
the Master shall, in addition to entering protest, 
etc., make a personal investigation and enter a 
brief summary of the facts in the ship's log, in- 
cluding the names and addresses of all witnesses, 
and a brief description of the damage sustained 
by all concerned. The items in the log book to 
be confined to known facts' and shall not deal 
with opinions or presumption of facts. He shall 
also report the result of his investigation by wire 
to R. L. Hague, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y., 
followed by a letter giving all details, and make 
necessary report to the U. S. Steamboat Inspec- 
tion Service. 

17. Medicine chest. The Master shall be the 
custodian of the medicine chest, and all its con- 
tents shall be dispensed under his personal super- 
vision. An entry shall be made in the Medical 
Log Abstract in every case where a member of 
the crew applies for treatment. If case is serious 
a report of illness and/or personal injury shall be 
filled out in addition and mailed to the Marine 
Department. 

18. Medical assistance. The Master is author- 
ized to obtain the services of a doctor whenever 



he deems it necessary, thru the Company's agent 
when possible. 

19. Marine hospitals. If the condition of a 
member of the crew, due to illness or accident, 
is too serious to permit of caring for him on the 
vessel, he shall be transferred to a marine hos- 
pital, or other suitable hospital, for treatment, 
and the Master shall make necessary arrange- 
ments with the proper Government officials when 

| in a United States port, and the American Con- 
! sul in a foreign port, for the subsistence and pay 
of the invalid. This should always be done in 
consultation with the Company's agent and a 
full and complete report made to the Standard 
Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broad- 
way, New York, N: Y., immediately. A patient 
sent to a marine hospital shall be given a certifi- 
cate on form provided for this purpose. 

NAVIGATION DUTIES 

20. Paramount duty. The safe navigation of 
the vessel is at all times the paramount duty of 
the Master. 

21. Rules of the road. The Master shall re- 
quire all deck officers to familiarize themselves 
thoroughly with the "Rules of the Road" and 
shall insist upon a strict compliance with them 
at all times, especially regarding whistles and 
other sound signals and the display of required 
lights at night. In familiarizing themselves with 
the "Rules of the Road" it will be necessary for 
the officers to study and understand the applica- 
tion of the rules in the way that courts have in- 
terpreted them. A careful study of the "Rules 
of the Road at Sea" by W. H. LaBoyteaux, a copy 
of which is on board, or other standard books on 
the subject, is suggested to all deck officers. 

22. Presence on bridge. The Master shall be 
on the bridge in person when entering and leaving 

9 



port, when in restricted waters, when in thick 
weather, when other vessels are in the vicinity, 
and at any time when the vessel is especially liable 
to danger. 

23. Weather conditions. The Master shall re- 
quire the Watch Officer to report to him any 
marked change in the weather, or sudden varia- 
tion of the barometric pressure or temperature. 

24. Course and speed. The Master shall set a 
course clear of all dangers, having regard for the 
type of vessel and the season of the year, and 
proceed at the maximum speed practicable, 
having due regard for the weather and other con- 
ditions. In this connection it is desired to em- 
phasize that safety must be the first considera- 
tion, and speed, while very desirable and impor- 
tant, shall always be considered as secondary to 
safety. 

25. Change of course and speed. No one ex- 
cept the Master shall be permitted to change the 
course or speed, except in an emergency, in which 
case the Master shall immediately be informed 
of the change and the reason therefor. 

26. Speed in thick weather. The Master shall 
slow to a moderate speed in thick weather in 
strict observance of Article XVI of the "Rules 
of the Road." 

27. Thick weather in restricted waters. When 
in restricted waters in thick weather the Master 
shall navigate his vessel with utmost caution, and 
if in doubt of his position shall stop, and, if nec- 
essary, anchor until his position can be accurately 
verified. 

28. Use of lead. The Master shall cause sound- 
ings to be taken with the hand lead when enter- 
ing or leaving port and when in restricted water. 

29. Deep-sea lead and sounding machine. 
When approaching land in thick weather night or 
day or at any time when the ship's position is not 

11 



definitely known the Master shall cause sound- 
ings to be taken with deep-sea lead or sounding 
machine and verify his position on chart. All 

soundings and characteristics of the bottom shall 
be recorded in the Bridge Log. In case of 
marked discrepancies he shall slow down, and if 
in shoal water turn around or anchor until his 
position can be verified by landmarks or obser- 
vations of heavenly bodies. 

30. Night order book. The Master shall keep 
a night order book in which, before retiring, he 
shall write the course, speed, the time of change 
of course and new course, in case there be any, 
the name, characteristics and probable time of 
sighting and bearing of any navigational lights 
expected to be sighted during the night, and any 
other information or precaution that he deems 
pertinent or necessary for his watch officers. He 
shall require each watch officer to read and initial 
the night order book, and shall keep it as a per- 
manent record on the ship. Verbal orders may 
be forgotten or misunderstood, and for this rea- 
son shall not be used in matters involving the 
safety of the ship. 

31. Setting of clocks. The Master shall cause 
all ship's clocks to be set in accordance with his 
judgment for computed change of longitude. It is 
very important that all clocks on board are in ac- 
cord. 

32. Record of sights. The Master shall cause 
a navigational work-book to be kept, which shall 
be a record of all sights and computations used 
in fixing the ship's position, and this book shall 
be available for inspection when required, and be 
retained as part of the ship's permanent records. 

33. Ship's position under way. When under 
way the Master shall fix the position of the ship at 
8 A. M., noon, and 8 P. M. and at such other times 
as he deems it necessary for the safety of the ship. 

13 



34. Chart in custody of watch officer. The 

Master shall require the officer of the watch to 
have a chart corrected up to date in his custody, 
on which shall be marked the ship's course and 
the ship's position according to the latest data 
available. 

35. Pilot does not relieve Master of responsi- 
bility. The Master may take a pilot whenever 
required or desirable, but this in no way relieves 
the Master of his responsibility for the safety of 
the ship, and he shall continue to navigate by 
bearings or other means available and take all 
proper steps to safeguard the vessel under his 
command. 

36. Chronometer corrections. The Master 
shall cause the chronometers to be compared with 
routine time signals frequently. In this connec- 
tion the radio time signals will be of invaluable 
assistance, and are to be used whenever vessel is 
in receiving distance of a shore station sending 
out the time signal. 

37. Chronometer record book. A chronometer 
record book shall be kept in which shall be re- 
corded daily the maximum and minimum tempera- 
ture, the comparisons when taken, the error on 
G. M. T., and the rates of each chronometer. 
This book to be retained as part of the ship's 
permanent records. 

38. Winding of chronometer. The Master 
shall cause the chronometers to be wound daily 
at 8 A. M., and require the fact to be reported 
to him. 

39. Navigational equipment. The Master shall 
require all deck officers to have an efficient sex- 
tant and shall assure himself that the following 
equipment is on board in perfect condition and 
up to date at all times: 

Two or more reliable chronometers. 

Two or more reliable compasses in compen- 

15 



sating binnacles, for which there are ac- 
curate deviation tables. 
One or more azimuth circles, to be fitted to 

compass. 
Two or more useful tables, azimuth tables, 
nautical almanacs and practical books on 
navigation. 
Two or more parallel rulers, dividers, com- 
passes. 
A complete portfolio of charts covering the 
trade in which the vessel is engaged (cor- 
rected up to date). 
Coast pilots, light list and tide tables (cor- 
rected up to date). 
One international signal code book. 
A complete up-to-date file of "Notices to 

Mariners." 
A complete allowance of hand lead and lines 

accurately marked. 
Two or more deep-sea leads and lines accu- 
rately marked. 
One deep-sea sounding machine and sufficient 

number of glasses in good condition. 
Two or more patent logs, accurately cali- 
brated. 
Submarine signalling device, signal flags, 
radio and other signalling apparatus in 
good condition. 
Allowance of binoculars and telescopes in 
good condition. 
40. Wireless direction finders. The use of the 
wireless direction finders and submarine signal- 
ling apparatus is commended to Masters as a 
supplementary means of navigation, but it should 
in no case be considered as a substitute for the 
use of lead and sounding machine, or other cus- 
tomary methods of navigation. The use of this 
apparatus does not effect the requirements of 
the "Rules of the Road" regarding speed in fog 
or thick weather. 

17 



DUTIES ON LEAVING PORT 

41. Seaworthiness. The Master shall assure 
himself that his vessel is in all respects sea- 
worthy before sailing. 

42. Ample supplies. The Master shall require 
that sufficient supplies of all kinds are on board 
before sailing. 

43. Notify Chief Officer and Chief Engineer. 
The Master shall, when possible, notify the Chief 
Officer and Chief Engineer at least 24 hours in 
advance of sailing, that they may be prepared 
for scheduled departure, and in no case, except 
in emergency, should the Chief Engineer be re- 
quired to raise steam in cold boilers in less than 
12 hours. 

44. Secured for sea. The Master shall assure 
himself that all parts of the ship are properly 
secured for sea, including anchors and cargo, and 
protected from damage by the elements. 

45. Clearance papers, tugs and pilot. The 
Master shall take steps in ample time to obtain 
all necessary clearance papers, tugs and pilot, if 
required, so that the ship will not be unneces- 
sarily delayed. 

46. Test of equipment. The Master shall re- 
quire the main engines, steering engine, tele- 
graph, whistle and siren to be tested a half hour 
before getting under way; a report made to him 
(the Master) that they are 0. K., and an appro- 
priate entry made in the log; and assure himself 
that the sounding machine, leads, lead lines and 
other essential equipment are in good condition. 

47. Weather forecasts. The Master shall ac- 
quaint himself with the latest weather forecasts, 
either from the Hydrographic Office, the daily 
papers or otherwise, in order that he may antici- 
pate weather conditions and latest reports on 
obstructions to navigation. 

19 



48. Hydrographic Office reports. The Master 
shall obtain the latest hydrographic charts and 
meteorological reports from the Hydrographic 
Office before sailing, as well as a supply of their 
forms, which shall be carefully filled out and re- 
turned promptly to the Hydrographic Office. 

ARRIVING IN PORT 

49. Notify agent. At least 24 hours before 
arrival, the Master shall radio the Marine De- 
partment at New York, or the agent at out-ports, 
stating date and expected time of arrival, nature 
and disposition of cargo, draft forward and aft, 
brief summary of repairs required, other require- 
ments not readily obtained, tugs desired, if any, 
amount and denomination of cash required to 
pay off crew, in order that there will be no un- 
necessary delay in port. 

50. Preparations for port. The Master shall 
cause necessary preparations for port to be made 
in advance, in order that ship will not delay dock- 
ing, connecting hose, etc. 

51. Stage of tide. The Master shall determine 
what the tide will be upon arrival, and in case 
it is unfavorable for probable time of arrival, 
shall make every proper effort to increase speed 
so as to reach port at the proper stage of the 
tide. 

52. Secure main engines and helm. The Mas- 
ter shall not permit the main engines, helm or 
main boilers to be secured until he is satisfied 
that the vessel is safely anchored or made fast to 
dock, having due regard for the weather and the 
amount of shelter afforded by the harbor. 

53. Expedite disposition of cargo. The Master 
shall require all persons to expedite the loading 
or discharging of cargo and other business in 
port, to avoid delay of vessel. 

54. Set time of sailing. The Master shall, 

21 



upon arrival, or as soon thereafter as practicable, 
set the time of sailing, and notify all concerned, 
in order that necessary preparations may be 
made in time so that work in port may be intelli- 
gently laid out by his subordinates. 

55. Overhaul of machinery and boilers. The 
Master shall especially notify the Chief Engineer 
of the duration of stay in port, in order that nec- 
essary overhaul may be performed within that 
time. 

56. Leave. Before granting shore leave to 
officers and men the Master shall cause them to 
be notified of the sailing hour of the vessel. 

SHIPS BUSINESS 

57. Ship's papers. The Master is responsible 
for all ship's papers and shall exercise great care 
in keeping all correspondence up to date. It is 
his duty to see that all logs, reports, etc., what- 
ever their nature may be, are made out promptly 
and correctly, and that they are forwarded to 
the office at the proper time. Particular atten- 
tion shall be given to reports covering casualties 
and accidents and to the recording of all inci- 
dents relative thereto. All new officers shall im- 
mediately familiarize themselves with all com- 
pany orders and instructions. 

58. Marine Department. The cable address of 
our Marine Department is "Stanship," and this 
should be used in addressing business cables. 

59. Confirmation of dispatches. All dis- 
patches sent shall be confirmed by letter 
promptly. 

60. Wireless operator as ship's clerk. Ar- 
rangement has been made to pay wireless oper- 
ators an extra allowance for performing the 
duties of ship's clerk, but this in no way relieves 
the Master of his responsibilities in the premises. 

61. Keeping ship's files. A complete file of 

23 



business letters or other communications re- 
ceived and copies of those sent by the ship shall 
be carefully kept in files provided for the purpose. 

62. Records of paramount importance. The 
following records are of paramount importance 
and shall be kept in the Master's custody: 

Certificate of Registry or Tonnage Certificates for 

Enrollment Panama Canal and Suez 

Ship's Articles Canal 

Bills of Lading Official Log . 

CrewS PerS L° cal Bil1 of H * alth 

Charter Party (if any) ?? a ^* #w 1+ll 

Classification Society's Cer- U. S. Bill of Health 

tificates for Hull, Engines Store List 

and Boilers, Anchors and U, S. Unexpired Inspection 

Chains Certificate 

63. Bill of Health. The Master is required to 
obtain a Bill of Health before leaving port. If 
proceeding from the United States to a foreign 
port, a Consular Bill of Health is sometimes re- 
quired. When proceeding from a foreign port 
to a United States port, a Bill of Health in dupli- 
cate must be obtained from the American Consul, 
and a supplementary Bill of Health in duplicate 
obtained from the American Consul at each sub- 
sequent port of call. 

64. Bills of Lading. The Master shall under 
no circumstances sign bills of lading before the 
cargo is actually on board his vessel or if dated 
previous to the cargo's being laden aboard. 

In Mexican ports it is customary to make out 
bills of lading for estimated quantities in order 
to avoid delay of the vessel, and it is in order 
for Masters to sign such bills of lading. 

Our interests are fully safeguarded in respect 
to cargoes loaded in Mexico, as all these cargoes 
are paid for in accordance with the certificates 
issued by the Oil Inspectors and not on the bill of 
lading quantity. 

25 



65. Harter Act. Negligence clause in bill of 
lading. Whenever a vessel is operating under a 
Charter Party, a clause shall be inserted in Bill 
of Lading as follows: 

"This Bill of Lading is issued under a Charter 
Party, all of the provisions of which, including 
exceptions and exemptions from liability are in- 
corporated herein, and shall prevail even if in 
conflict with the express terms hereof. Freight, 
dead freight and demurrage payable as per Char- 
ter Party." 

Most bills of lading contain a negligence clause, 
similar to the following: 

"The vessel to be in no way liable for any con- 
sequence of the Act of God, Perils of the Sea, 
Fire, Barratry of the Master and Crew, Enemies, 
Pirates and Thieves, Arrests and Restraints of 
Princes, Rulers and People, or Quarantine Re- 
strictions of whatsoever nature or kind, Collision, 
Stranding and/or other Accidents or Errors of 
Navigation, even when occasioned by the Negli- 
gence, Default, Error in Judgment of the Pilot, 
Master, Mariners or other Servants of the Ship- 
owner. The ship to have liberty to call at any 
port or ports in any order and to take bunker 
fuel or other supplies, and to sail without pilots, 
and to tow and be towed, and assist vessels in 
all situations and to deviate for the purpose of 
saving life and/or property. Ship not answer- 
able for losses thru explosions, bursting of 
boilers, breakage of shafts, or any latent defect 
in machinery or hull not resulting from want of 
due diligence by the Owners of the ship or any of 
them, or by the Ship's husband or manager or 
Agent." 

All Masters must be careful to see that such 
a clause is incorporated in all bills of lading for 
shipments carried between other than United 
States ports. 

27 



The courts of the United States do not recog- 
nize a negligence clause, but practically the same 
protection is obtained under the provisions of the 
Harter Act; the Master must therefore be very- 
careful to see that all bills of lading covering ship- 
ments to or from the United States contain the 
following clause : "It is mutually agreed that the 
shipment is subject to all the terms and provi- 
sions of, and all the exemptions from liability 
contained in the Act of Congress of the United 
States of America, approved on the 13th day of 
February, 1893, and entitled, 'An Act relating to 
Navigation of Vessels, etc.' " 

66. Manifest. The Master shall assure him- 
self that all articles liable to duty, including 
those in the possession of any of his crew, are 
duly manifested. The Master is liable to a pen- 
alty equal to the value of merchandise not mani- 
fested. 

67. Clearing vessels coastwise. Vessels in the 
coastwise service shall enter and clear to all 
United States ports. 

68. Crew lists. Form No. 1. When entering 
port the Master shall have at least two copies of 
crew list prepared, in accordance with instruc- 
tions printed thereon. 

69. Signing on new crew. When a new crew 
is signed on at any port, one copy of the crew 
list with addresses on form supplied by Company 
shall be forwarded to New York. 

70. Alien crew list. When entering a United 
States port, the Master shall have a copy of the 
alien crew list filled out on proper forms in ac- 
cordance with instructions thereon, and hand it 
to the immigration officials. A fine is imposed 
by the Secretary of Labor for every alien mem- 
ber of the crew whose name fails to appear in 
the alien crew list. 

The Master must see that he has on board be- 

29 



fore sailing from the United States a supply of 
the official alien crew list forms, as the immigra- 
tion authorities will not accept alien crew lists 
made up on any but the official forms. 

71. Supplementary crew list. Before sailing 
from a United States port, after signing on a 
crew, the Master shall see that the supplemen- 
tary crew list is duly filled out and all changes 
in personnel entered thereon. This crew list is 
to be sent by the pilot or other convenient means. 

72. Store lists. The Master shall prepare 
copies of store lists, as required by various port 
authorities when entering port. United States 
ports require two copies, Mexican ports three 
copies. It is suggested that several extra copies 
be prepared, so that they will be available if re- 
quired. 

73. Payroll. Form No. 2. The payroll shall 
contain the names of each member of the crew 
from the time a voyage starts until it is termi- 
nated, and should be a complete record of all 
financial transactions of the Master. If any 
member of the crew is paid off, or deserts, the 
payroll shall show the date, name of port and 
amount paid, if any. 

The back of the payroll form is prepared for 
the Master's accounts, and it is important that 
when cash is received in a foreign port, the rate 
of exchange be noted in the Official Log and also 
on the back of the payroll. In all cases the Master 
shall fill out the special receipt for cash advances 
to Master in accordance with instructions there- 
on. Whenever possible, the Master is to get re- 
ceipts for all money expended. 

74. Paying off in foreign port. When a mem- 
ber of the crew is paid off in a foreign port it 
shall be done before the American Consul; the 
Consular Receipt attached to the shipping ar- 
ticles, and report in detail made to the Standard 

31 



Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broad- 
way, New York, N. Y. 

75. Alien's income tax. The Master shall thru 
the Revenue Department, Custom House, ac- 
quaint himself with the latest rule in regard to 
the income tax on alien seamen's wages, and 
deduct what is necessary from their wages, re- 
mitting amounts deducted to the Company. 

76. Allotments. Allotments must be signed 
by the Master and Shipping Commissioner, and 
it is the Master's duty to see that all stipulations 
for the allotment of any part of the wages of a 
seaman during his absence shall specify the 
amounts, date of payment and to whom pay- 
ments are to be made. If an allotment is stopped 
for any reason, the Master shall telegraph R. L. 
Hague, 26 Broadway, New York, immediately. 
The Master will notify the Company previous 
to sailing, of all allotment notes issued, giv- 
ing full particulars. He will also notify the Com- 
pany by telegraph or cable when a member ' of 
the crew having an allotment leaves the ship, so 
that the allotment may be stopped. 

77. Application for appointment. All officers 
are required to fill out application for appoint- 
ment, Form No. 14, when engaged. In case the 
Master engages officers at out-ports, Form No. 
14 shall be filled out and promptly forwarded to 
Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 
Broadway, New York, N. Y. 

78. Photographs of officers. In order to com- 
plete the office records, a photograph of all Cap- 
tains and officers is required. The photograph 
should be similar to those on seamen's identifica- 
tion certificates, and shall have name and date 
plainly marked on the back. The Company will 
pay the expense of having the photograph taken. 

79. Sickness and injury. In case of illness 
and/or personal injury, Form No. 117-J3 shall be 

33 



forwarded to Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine 
Department, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 
This form shall be filled out and forwarded 
promptly in case of sickness or injury, however 
slight, as considerable trouble has been occa- 
sioned in the past due to lack of information at 
the New York office. Also, it is most important 
that in case of discharge, or desertion, of mem- 
bers of the crew in a foreign port, a report be 
made to this office covering the date, reason, 
amount of wages paid, if any, and thru whom. 
In addition an entry shall be made in the Medi- 
cal Log Abstract in every case that a member of 
the crew applies for treatment on account of sick- 
ness or injury. 

80. List of reports. The following is a sum- 
mary of the principal reports required by the 
Company : 
Essential : 

Port Log. 

Notice of Readiness. 

Abstract of Log (Captain's and Engineer's). 

Commander's Report on Conduct of Officers 
and Engineers. 

Ullage Report — Official. 

Daily Ullage Report. 

Indicator Cards. 

Pressure Cards (Cargo Pumps). 

Contraband Declaration. 
Monthly: 

Report of Physical Condition of Ship. 

Report of Spare Parts on Board. 
When Necessary: 

Crew List. 

Payroll. 

Notice of Demurrage. 

Requisition and Inventory of Deck Stores. 

Requisition and Inventory of Provisions, 
Cabin and Crew Stores. 

35 



Requisition and Inventory — Engine Room. 

Requirements for Maintenance of Vessel. 

Medical Log Abstract. 

Report of Any Undue Detention at Loading 
or Discharging Ports. 

Drydocking and Painting Report. 

Report of Personal Injury and/or Illness or 
Death. 

Report of Damage Sustained Through Col- 
lision, Grounding, Etc. 

Shipping Articles. 

Protests Noted. 

Certificate of Seaworthiness. 

Port Information Report. 

81. Signing receipts by Master. Receipts for 
any material or services furnished at ports outside 
of New York will be signed by the ship's Officer 
who has actual knowledge of the delivery of such 
goods or service. For example, the Master, Chief 
Engineer, Officer of the Watch (Deck or Engineer) 
or Steward. Masters are not to sign any con- 
tracts for work to be performed or any bills show- 
ing amounts charged if this can be avoided. If 
bills showing rates and prices are handed to the 
Master for his signature, he shall qualify signa- 
ture of same by writing on the face of the bill 
above his signature : 

"Correct as to material and/or services fur- 
nished. Prices and rates subject to approval of 
owner or owner's agent. 

Signature. 
Master S. S." 

To facilitate this matter a rubber stamp reading 
as above is being supplied to each vessel. 

82. Receiving stores on board. When stores 
are received on board, an officer shall check them 
with bill and note any discrepancies or damaged 
stores, which need not be accepted if vessel can 

37 



proceed without them. Stores found to be of 
poor quality shall be examined by Head of De- 
partment and made the subject of a written re- 
port by the Master to the New York office. Care 
shall be taken to prevent damage to stores by 
weather or other conditions, and a record of the 
disposition of stores shall be kept. 

83. Fresh water. The Master shall endeavor 
to obtain fresh water at the most economical 
rates possible, and avoid using water barges when 
water can be obtained at dock. 

84. Master's custody. The following books 
and documents are to be in the custody of the 
Master, and when relieved the Master shall send 
a receipt for same, signed by his relief, to the 
Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 
Broadway, New York, N. Y.: 

1. Official Log. 

2. Ship's Articles. 

3. Certificate of Registry or Enrollment. 

4. Classification Certificates including Anchor 

and Chain Certificates. 

5. International Code of Signals. 

6. Marine Department Regulations. 

7. Catalog of Charts, Complete Folio of 

Charts, Notices to Mariners and Other 
Navigational Aids and Publications. 

8. Panama and Suez Canal Certificates. 

9. United States Navigation Law. 

10. U. S. Steamboat Inspection Service Rules. 

11. Night Order Book. 

12. Navigational Work Book. 

13. Compass Observation Book. 

14. Chronometer Record Book. 

15. Complete File of All Operations Instruc- 

tions. 

85. Chief Officer's custody. The Chief Officer 
shall have the following records in his custody 
and, when relieved, shall send a receipt for same, 

39 



signed by his relief, to the Standard Oil Co. 
(N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broadway, New 
York, N. Y.: 

1. Bridge Log. 

2. Record of Stowage of Spare Parts for Deck. 

3. Marine Department Regulations. 

4. Complete File of All Operations Instruc- 

tions. 

5. Deck Work Book. 

86. Chief Engineer's custody. The Chief En- 
gineer shall have the following records in his cus- 
tody and, when relieved, shall send a receipt for 
same, signed by his relief, to the Standard Oil 
Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broadway, 
New York, N. Y.: 

1. Engineer's Log. 

2. Record Showing Stowage of Spare Parts for 

Engineers. 

3. Journal Showing Defects and General His- 

tory of Machinery. 

4. Marine Department Regulations. 

5. Complete File of All Operation Instructions. 

ACCIDENTS 

87. Investigation. In case of accident on board 
ship, causing injury to personnel or damage to 
property, either ashore, on your own vessel or an- 
other vessel (including collisions, groundings, 
strandings, heavy weather damage, damage to 
docks, wharves, buoys, etc.), the Master shall im- 
mediately investigate the damage and causes con- 
tributing to it. The Master shall always survey 
property damage, except when doing so will delay 
vessel, in which case he shall arrange with the 
Company's agent to have inspection made. In all 
cases where any other vessel or property is in- 
volved, a report must be made as above, even 
though no damage has been incurred. 

88. Result of investigation. A brief summary 

41 



of the actual known facts established by the in- 
vestigation shall be entered in the log together 
with names and addresses of witnesses, and re- 
port made of the essential details and facts to 
R. L. Hague, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y., by 
telegraph, followed by a letter giving full and com- 
plete details, together with written statements 
signed by the witnesses. 

89. Delay or change in voyage. In case the 
vessel's voyage is to be delayed or changed by rea- 
son of accident, the Standard Oil Co. (N.* J.) Ma- 
rine Department, New York, shall be informed by 
wire and their instructions in the premises ob- 
tained. 

90. Note of Protest. A note of protest shall 
invariably be made whenever, during the course 
of a voyage, bad weather or accident of any na- 
ture has been experienced, which it is believed 
may have occasioned, or may later occasion, dam- 
age to either vessel or cargo. The note of protest 
shall be made 24 hours after arrival in port, and 
if port is other than New York a copy shall be 
forwarded by registered mail to the Standard Oil 
Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, 26 Broadway, 
New York. 

The signature of the Master or other officer in 
command only is required on a note of protest. 
To extend the note of protest, the signatures of 
Master, Chief Officer, Chief Engineer and two 
other members of the crew are usually required. 
When necessary to extend the note of protest the 
Company's officials shall be consulted, as it is 
very necessary that the extension of protest be 
drawn by a person having knowledge of the de- 
tails that should be included. 

91. Certificate of Seaworthiness. In case of 
an accident such as collision or grounding, heavy 
weather damage, etc., the Master shall arrange 
for a survey and secure a certificate of seaworthi- 

43 



ness. The surveyors should be representatives of 
the Classification Society with which the ship is 
classed, or, if no representative of this Society can 
be obtained, surveyors representing some other 
Society shall be obtained or the survey made by 
two other ship-masters. In a foreign port, if 
ship-masters are to make survey, the American 
Consul shall be requested to appoint them. Ships 
classed with American Bureau shall apply to Brit- 
ish Corporation if there be no American Bureau 
representative available. 

92. Other party to be represented on survey. 
In case of a collision, invite the Master and owner, 
or agent, of the other vessel to be present at sur- 
vey of your vessel. You shall also be represented 
without prejudice at survey of colliding vessel. 
When the day and hour of survey on your vessel 
has been agreed on, the Master and owner, or 
agent of the other vessel are to be notified in writ- 
ing and invited to be present. 

The Master shall also advise other party that 
he holds them responsible for any and all damage 
to his vessel, cargo, etc. 

93. Master not to admit liability. Under no 
circumstances shall the Master admit liability of 
his vessel or any member of the crew, without 
consulting the Manager, Marine Department, 
Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) , 26 Broadway, New York, 
N. Y. 

94. Repairs of damages. When a vessel is 
damaged due to accident, and requires immediate 
repairs, if possible the ship shall be brought into 
the port of destination, or an intermediate port, 
rather than to return to the loading port. If the 
Master is in doubt of the steamer's seaworthiness, 
he shall put in to the nearest port and wire full 
information to R. L. Hague, 26 Broadway, New 
York, N. Y., requesting instructions as to ship 
and cargo. 

45 



95. Precautions when jettisoning cargo. If for 

any reason it becomes necessary to jettison bulk 
oil cargo, it shall, where possible, be done thru 
the sea suction, or be pumped thru the cross- 
over pipe and down the sea suction of another 
pump. When the piping arrangement does not 
permit of the aforesaid procedure, as a last resort 
the cargo may be pumped thru the deck pipe 
line and a hose extending below the water level, 
to prevent the generation of gas as far as pos- 
sible. In all cases where possible the cargo shall 
be pumped over the leeward side. 

96. No fires about the deck. When jettisoning 
cargo in this way, the Master shall assure himself 
that all galley fires, donkey boiler fires and other 
open fires or lights about the deck are in proper 
condition to prevent the ignition of the enormous 
volume of gas enveloping the ship, especially if 
the cargo is Naphtha, Benzine or Gasoline. 

97. Salvage. In case the vessel is involved in 
salvage operation, no agreement shall be made 
other than settlement by owner's arbitration or 
in the United States Court, Southern District, 
New York. 

98. Insurance. The vessels of the fleet are not 
insured by insurance companies. Therefore, it is 
particularly essential that Masters and Officers 
bear in mind always, the fact that safety of the 
vessel, her equipment and the personnel on board 
should have first consideration. All accidents, 
whether major or minor, including groundings, 
collisions with wharves, or other vessels, heavy 
weather damages, etc., are direct total losses to 
the Company. 

The Company requires a complete written ex- 
planation from the Captain in the case of every 
accident, as it is naturally assumed that he has 
been negligent or incompetent, unless a satisfac- 
tory explanation is received. 

47 



Reports of accident should show : 
Draft of vessel forward and aft; 
State of the wind, weather and sea ; 
Captain's opinion as to cause of accident and 
whom he considers responsible. 

Note. — The fact that the vessels are not insured in no way 
affects the previous instructions regarding protests, surveys, etc. 

99. General Average. When a vessel is carry- 
ing cargo for another company and meets with ex- 
penses of a general average nature, such as tow- 
ing, jettisoning of cargo, expenses incurred in re- 
floating, salvage charges and other expenses in- 
curred to save or protect the qombined interest of 
hull, cargo and freight, it is then necessary for 
the Master to require the consignee or cargo 
owner to sign an average bond guaranteed by an 
Insurance Company or other responsible corpora- 
tion represented in the United States or United 
Kingdom, before cargo is delivered, unless the 
letter of sailing instructions orders the Master 
otherwise. General average expenses are charge- 
able to the various interests involved, that is, 
hull, cargo and freight, and without an average 
bond the Company may be unable to recover the 
amount due from cargo interests. 

100. Documents relating to general average ex- 
penses. All documents used in the adjustment 
of losses and averages, including surveys, pro- 
tests, vouchers, charges, disbursements, etc., shall 
be sent to the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine 
Department, New York, marked so that the item 
can be readily identified with the accident it 
covers. 

Note. — For full discussion of G. A. see "Hand Book for Mas- 
ters," by W. H. La Boyteaux. 

101. Expenses incurred thru accident, etc. Ac- 
curate record of expenses incurred as the re- 
sult of accident, stress of weather, etc. (including 
engine and deck stores lost or damaged, stores 

49 



purchased or taken from stock to replace those 
lost or damaged), shall be kept and report made 
promptly to New York office. 

DECK DEPARTMENT 

102. Duties of Chief Officer. The Chief Officer, 
as the head of this department, shall be respon- 
sible to the Master for the cleanliness and pres- 
ervation of all parts of the ship, its cargo and 
equipment, except that part specifically assigned 
to the Chief Engineer. He shall keep a deck 
work book in which he shall record the work done 
by the deck force. 

103. Joining ship. Upon joining a ship the 
Chief Officer shall immediately familiarize him- 
self with the ship and equipment under his 
charge. 

104. Assignment of duties. The Chief Officer 
shall assign duties and lay out the work of all 
deck officers and men, subject to the approval of 
the Master. 

105. Succeeds Master in command. In case of 
the absence, death or disability of the Master, the 
Chief Officer shall succeed him in command and 
perform the duties of the Master. 

106. Navigational duties. The Chief Officer 
shall perform such navigational duties as are as- 
signed him by the Master. 

107. Inspection. The Chief Officer shall make 
frequent inspections of all parts of the ship in his 
charge, and keep the Master informed of general 
conditions. 

108. Personnel. The Chief Officer shall note 
the reliability and aptitude of deck officers and 
men, and be prepared to report to the Master on 
their general proficiency. 

109. Report cases of indolence, carelessness, 
etc. The Chief Officer shall report all cases of in- 
dolence, carelessness in performance of duty or 

51 



other misconduct, that come to his notice, to the 
Master, for such action as the Master sees fit to 
take. 

110. Loading and discharging. The Chief Of- 
ficer shall be in direct charge of loading and dis- 
charging cargo, and shall take every proper step 
to expedite same. 

111. Duties on leaving port. The Chief Officer 
shall assure himself that everything on deck is in 
readiness . for sailing in ample time to make re- 
port of readiness to Master one-half hour before 
sailing. He shall especially satisfy himself that 
life-boats are properly equipped and clear for low- 
ering, that all hatches, cargo and equipment are 
secured for sea and that all deck personnel has 
been assigned to tasks necessary to unmoor ship 
or get up anchor. 

112. Duties on arrival in port. The Chief Of- 
ficer, before arrival in port, shall assure himself 
that both anchors with suitable buoys are ready 
for "letting go" and that necessary lines are 
handy on deck in case ship is to be moored to dock, 
and be prepared to report readiness to Master in 
ample time. 

113. Rat guards. The Chief Officer shall re- 
quire that "rat guards" be fitted on mooring lines 
and other lines to dock. The Port Authorities at 
many ports require the use of "rat guards." 

114. Preparations for loading or discharging. 
The Chief Officer shall make all proper prepara- 
tions for loading or discharging cargo before ar- 
rival at point of loading or discharge, in order that 
there will be no unnecessary delay in starting. 

Duties of Mates 

115. Duties assigned by Chief Officer. The 

Mates shall perform such duties as are assigned 
them by the Master or Chief Officer. 

116. Report cases of misconduct. The Mates 

53 



shall report to the Chief Officer all cases of in- 
dolence, carelessness in performance of duty or 
other misconduct that come to their notice. 

Duties of Officer of the Watch 

117. Master's representative. The Officer of 
the Watch is the Master's representative in his 
absence from the bridge and, as such, is respon- 
sible for maintaining the course and speed, the 
strict observance of the "Rules of the Road," and 
the safety of the ship in general. 

118. Authority in emergency. The Officer of 
the Watch is not authorized to change the course 
or speed without the consent of the Master, ex- 
cept in an emergency, in which case he shall take 
action in accordance with Par. 119. 

119. Vessel in danger. In the event of the 
vessel's running into danger, the Officer of the 
Watch, in the absence of the Master from the 
bridge, shall immediately take necessary steps to 
prevent disaster. The Master shall be notified as 
quickly as possible of the attendant circumstances 
and the action taken. 

120. Report unusual weather conditions. The 
Officer of the Watch shall report to the Master 
any marked change in weather conditions, includ- 
ing sudden variations of barometric pressure or 
temperature. 

121. Report sighting land, navigational marks, 
etc. The Officer of the Watch shall report to the 
Master when land, navigational marks, breakers, 
discolored water, or vessels which will pass close 
aboard are sighted. 

122. Navigational duties. The Officer of the 
Watch shall have a chart in his custody, on which 
is marked the ship's course and position. He shall 
fix the ship's position frequently by all landmarks 
in sight and perform other navigational duties as- 
signed by the Master. 

55 



123. Safety of ship. The Officer of the Watch 
shall always keep in mind that his responsibility 
for the safety of the ship is of paramount impor- 
tance, and he shall never allow his navigational 
duties to prevent a proper lookout ahead of the 
ship. 

124. Soundings. He shall require soundings to 
be taken as directed by the Master, and check the 
soundings obtained with those on the chart. In 
case of discrepancy he shall report to the Master. 

125. Duty on Relieving. When the Officer of 
the Watch is being Relieved he shall make his re- 
lief thoroughly acquainted with the position of 
the ship with reference to vessels in sight, and to 
any land or shoals which may be near; with the 
general condition of the weather, the course, the 
speed, all unexecuted orders, and the orders of 
the Master for the night; with the condition of 
the running lights and any other appliances re- 
quired by law to be in operation or at hand to 
prevent collision ; with the condition of the watch 
on deck for duty and the general condition of 
the ship. He shall particularly acquaint his relief 
with the position of the ship by the latest avail- 
able data; any land, navigational marks or other 
objects that are expected to be sighted in the 
next watch, and the identification of those in 
sight. It shall also be the responsibility of the 
Officer relieving to assure himself that he secured 
all the above mentioned information. 

126. Remains on bridge. The Officer of the 
Watch shall remain on the bridge in charge of 
the watch until regularly relieved and shall not 
engage in any occupation which may distract his 
attention from duty. 

127. Inspection of ship. Upon being relieved, 
the Officer of the Watch shall make an inspection 
of the ship on upper decks and make an appro- 
priate entry in the log. 

57 



128. 



In case of danger when relieving. If the 

relieving officer believes the ship is in danger he 
may refuse to relieve until the facts have been 
reported to the Master and the Master's instruc- 
tions* received. 



Watch Officer — General 

129. Rules of the road. The "Rules of the 
Road at Sea," by W. H. LaBoyteaux or other 
recognized authorities on the "Rules of the 
Road," are recommended to the Captains and 
other licensed officers for full information on the 
rules of the road. It should be remembered that 
the interpretation of the rules of the road must 
be in accord with the interpretation placed on 
these rules by the courts. 

130. Anchor and cables. When the ship is in 
drydock the anchor cables, when time permits, 
shall be ranged, and the chain lockers and chains 
thoroughly cleaned and overhauled. The follow- 
ing shall especially be attended to: Shackles 
opened up and examined, pins renewed, and the 
first 30 fathoms shifted to the end of the chain. 
The chains shall be marked as follows : 

15 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
around the stud of the first link. Shackle to be 
painted white. 

30 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
around the stud of the second link. Shackle to 
be painted red. 

45 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
around the stud of the third link. Shackle to be 
painted green. 

60 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
around the stud of the fourth link. Shackle to be 
painted white. 

59 



75 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
around the stud of the fifth link. Shacjde to be 
painted red. 

90 fathoms. One or more turns of seizing wire 
around the stud of the sixth link. Shackle to be 
painted green. 

131. Heaving in chain. When heaving in 
chain the officer in charge of the forecastle head 
shall assure himself that the hardwood pins of 
the shackles are in good condition. He shall 
cause each link and shackle to be "sounded" with 
a hammer as it comes thru the hawse pipe, 
monthly, in order to discover any flaw or partial 
fracture. 

132. Anchor to be fitted with buoy. Each 
anchor shall be fitted with a suitable buoy and 
line, in order to facilitate recovery if lost. 

133. Turning head on anchor. When attempt- 
ing to turn the vessel head on anchor and chain, 
officers are advised to avoid placing undue strain 
on ground tackle. The windlass should be 
screwed up so that if undue strain is put upon 
it, the cable will surge. 

134. Coming to anchor. After the vessel has 
been brought to anchor, and before main engines 
are secured, the ship's position shall be verified 
by means of cross bearings and position entered 
in the log. 

135. Damage to submarine cable. The fol- 
lowing extract from the Act of February 29, 1888, 
is quoted for the information and guidance of 
officers of the Fleet: 

"Any person, who, by culpable negligence, shall 
break or injure a submarine cable shall be guilty 
of a misdemeanor, and on conviction thereof 
shall be liable to imprisonment for a term not 
exceeding three months, or to a fine not exceed- 
ing $500, or both fine and imprisonment, at the 
discretion of the court. 

61 



'The provision of the foregoing section shall 
not apply to a person who breaks or injures a 
cable in an effort to save the life or limb of him- 
self or any other person, or to save his own or 
any other vessel, provided he takes a reasonable 
precaution to avoid such breaking or injury." 

136. Test before getting under way. Before 
getting under way, the main engines, whistle, 
siren, steering gear, telegraphs, windlass, and, if 
at night, running lights, shall be tested and an 
appropriate entry made in the bridge log. 

137. Improper use of winches or windlass ends. 
Mooring lines shall not be made fast to winches 
or windlass ends, but the deck bitts shall be used 
for this purpose. 

138. Emergency steering gear. Wires, tackles 
and other gear provided for steering the ship in 
an emergency shall be kept where they will be 
readily accessible. 

139. Old mooring lines returned. When new 
mooring lines are received, the old ones which 
they replace shall be returned to New York on 
first arrival at that port. 

140. Test of hand steering gear. The hand 
steering gear shall be tested once each calendar 
month while the vessel is under way, and appro- 
priate entry made in log. 

141. Inspection of movable gear. The Chief 
Officer is required to assure himself that all 
movable gear under his jurisdiction is kept in 
good working order. Inspection shall be made 
semi-monthly, and appropriate entry made in 
log. 

142. Preservation of interior structure. Inte- 
rior structure, such as fore and aft peaks, 'tween 
deck storerooms, holds and pumproom lockers 
shall be periodically scaled and kept in good order. 
It is expected that the crew shall perform this 
work. 

63 



143. Hose outlets and fittings. All hose out- 
lets and fittings shall be of 2i/ 2 -in. New York 
Corporation thread ; this applies to both fire main 
and wash deck lines. In ordering new supplies, 
care shall be taken to specify above thread, and 
if any fittings now on the vessel are not of this 
standard they shall be replaced. 

PAINTING REGULATIONS 

144. The following painting instructions are to 
be strictly adhered to: 

Preparing Surfaces for Painting 

All metal surfaces are to be thoroughly chipped or 
scraped and wire-brushed before painting. Surfaces should 
be well brushed and must be free from any grease, dirt, 
or petroleum oils before paint is applied. 
Surfaces Not to Be Painted 

Under no circumstances shall paint be applied to pol- 
ished brass, copper, insulated electric wiring (excapt when 
armored); the bearing edges of ports and water tight 
doors; rubber, galvanized iron of any and all descriptions, 
name plates on valves, removable canvas work, and similar 
surfaces where the use of paint is neither a protection nor 
a decoration, but merely an added expense. 

Especial care must be taken to see that the threads of 
valve stems are not painted. 

Polished brass, copper and galvanized surfaces are to be 
wiped off with a kerosene rag. The moving parts of ma- 
chinery, gun metal or blued finish lagging, etc., are not to 
be painted. 
Standing Rigging 

Standing rigging is to be gone over with a mixture 
made up of equal parts of raw linseed oil and Stockholm 
tar. 

THE FOLLOWING SCHEDULE OF "FINISH COL- 
ORS" SHALL BE STRICTLY ADHERED TO THROUGH- 
OUT THE VESSEL, THE COLORS IN ALL INSTANCES 
BEING IN CONFORMITY WITH THE "SOCONY" MA- 
RINE COLOR CARD. 

COLOR CARDS MAY BE OBTAINED FROM THE 
MARINE DEPARTMENT, NEW YORK. 
(1) Exterior shell surface up to load 

water line Anti corrosive 

composition 

65 



(2) Exterior shell surface up to light 
load line 

(3) Exterior shell surface from light 
load line to the load water line 

(4) Exterior shell surface or "topsides" 
above the load water line, including 
mouldings 

(5) Exterior and interior surfaces of 
bulwarks including those of the 
midship houses 

(6) Exterior surfaces of steel deck 
houses, pump room entrance, for- 
ward companion and light towers 

(7) Exterior surfaces of oil tight hatch 
coamings and covers 

(8) All surfaces of other hatch coam- 
ings and covers 

(9) All surfaces of ventilators (includ- 
ing inside of cowls and trunks) 

(10) All exterior surfaces of masts, der- 
rick posts, booms, staffs, poles and 
yards 

(11) All exterior surfaces of deck fit- 
tings (including rails and stan- 
chions where not galvanized), da- 
vits, etc. 

(12) All structural work of the fore and 
aft bridge, exterior steel access lad- 
ders, and deck piping guards 

(13) All exterior surfaces of the Fidley 
top, engine space and galley sky- 
lights and the boiler space hinged 
covers 

(14) All exterior surface of the coaming 
and covers of the skylight to the 
firemen's and seamen's mess room 

(15) All shell, bulkhead and under side 
of deck surfaces within the between 
deck spaces, including the shelter 
deck midship house space and the 
forward dry cargo spaces 

(16) The deck surface of spaces enumer- 
ated in item No. 15 

(17) All exposed or visible surfaces of 
steel work within the midship and 
after quarters except where tne 
adjacent work is of hardwood and 



Anti-fouling 
composition 

Boot topping 



Dark lead color 

Dark lead color 

Dark lead color 
Dark lead color 
Dark lead color 
Dark lead color 

Dark lead color 

Dark lead color 
Dark lead color 

Dark lead color 
Dark lead color 

Light gray color 
Oxide red 



67 



an unsightly appearance would re- 
sult, in which case the surface is 
to be grained to conform to the 
wood finish 

(18) All exposed or visible surfaces of 
wood work (where not specified to 
be natural finish) within the mid- 
ship' and after quarters 

(19) All exposed or visible surfaces, 
within the engine and boiler spaces, 
pump rooms (including hatches, 
skylights and companions) from 
30" above the floor plating upward 

(20) All exposed or visible structural 
surfaces, within the steering gear 
house, refrigerating machine room, 
all storerooms and storage spaces, 
including lazarette (but not cold 
storage spaces), emergency gen- 
erator room, carpenter shop, paint 
room, lamp locker, windlass engine 
space, companions, skylights and 
in general the interior of all en- 
closures where required to be 
painted and not otherwise speci- 
fied 

(21) Exterior and interior surfaces of 
bo^ts 

(22) Name letters on bows and stern 
and port of registry letters on the 
stern. Letters to be 12" high 

(23) Exterior and visible surfaces of 
boilers, beachings, uptakes, air 
ducts, etc. (exclusive of furnace 
doors and adjacent surfaces, which 
are to be painted black) 

(24) In the engine and boiler spaces, 
donkey boiler flat, pump rooms, 
steering gear house, refrigerating 
machine room, emergency gener- 
ator room, paint locker and lamp 
locker and windlass engine space, 
the color as indicated and is to be 
applied only from about 30" above 
the floor plating or deck, upward; 
the omitted strip all around, is to 
be painted dado fashion 



White enamel 



White enamel 



White enamel 



White enamel 
White enamel 

White enamel 
White enamel 



Dark red color 



69 



(25) The main engine housings, pumps 
and all surfaces of the machinery 
below deck requiring to be painted 

' (except the steam end of pumps 
which may be painted black) 

(26) All non- working surfaces of deck 
machinery 

(27) All exposed non-covered piping on 
deck, in the machinery spaces, 
pump room, or elsewhere, black, 
unless required to be painted to 
conform with the adjacent struc- 
tural surfaces as in the case of pip- 
ing carried along the fore and aft 
bridge, on bulkheads and in quar- 
ters. 

(28) All electrical conduits throughout 
and the piping in quarters, except 
where of brass, are to be painted to 
conform with the color of the ad- 
jacent surface. 

(29) Smoke stack (heat resistant paint), 
black with a white band. White 
band equal to diameter of stack in 
depth (one diameter below top of 
funnel. 

(30) Steel decks where exposed to the 
weather (unpainted), apply raw 
linseed oil. 

(31) All hardwood finish throughout (in- 
cluding trim where the adjacent 
surfaces are painted) 

(32) Margins of wood decks, rails, etc., 
where of teakwood 

(33) Wood decks, after planing, cleaning 
and scraping 

(34) Pipe or standee berths, and radia- 
tors (where not of brass) 

(35) Linoleum 

(36) Toilet floors where cemented 

(37) The valve handwheels throughout 
are to be painted in accordance 
with the S. O. Co. (N. J.) Standard 
Card Form No. 65—800—3481. 

Under no circumstances are the colors 
room's or spaces to be changed without 
Marine Department, New York. 

71 



Buff color 
Black 



Spar varnish 
polished 

Spar varnish 

Oil 

Aluminum 

lacquer 
White shellac 
Lapidolith 



or finish of any 
authority of the 



144 (a). Marking valves. Valves in the pump- 
room, engineroom, fireroom and on deck shall be 
painted as follows: 

Live steam valves : Bright red. 

Exhaust steam valves: Blue. 

Cargo oil valves: Yellow. 

Bunker fuel oil valves: Black. 

Sea water valves: Green. 

Fresh water valves : White. 

Emergency valves: Half bright red and half black. 

In addition, each valve shall be tagged with a 
brass nameplate free from paint and name legi- 
ble. The Company provides printed forms with 
valve markings thereon, copies of which shall be 
posted in the chartroom, engineers' messroom 
and pumproom. 

Writing the Deck Log 

The following is a list of the entries required 
by law to be entered in the official log : 

145. Conviction and punishment. First. 
Every legal conviction of any member of the 
crew and the punishment inflicted. 

146. Offenses to be prosecuted. Second. 
Every offense committed by any member of the 
crew, for which it is intended to prosecute or to 
enforce a forfeiture, together with such state- 
ment, concerning the reading over of such entry 
and concerning the reply, if any, made to the 
charge, as is required by Section 4997 (Revised 
Statutes). 

147. Offense and punishment. Third. Every 
offense for which punishment is inflicted on 
board, and the nature of punishment inflicted. 

148. Character and qualifications of members 
of crew. Fourth. A statement of the conduct, 
character and qualifications of each member of 
the crew, or a statement that he declines to give 
an opinion of such particulars. 

73 



149. Medical history. Fifth. Every case of 
illness or injury happening to any member of the 
crew, with the nature thereof and the medical 
treatment. 

150. Death. Sixth. Every case of death hap- 
pening on board, with the cause thereof. 

151. Birth. Seventh. Every birth happening 
on board, with the sex of the infant and the 
names of the parents. 

152. Marriage. Eighth. Every marriage tak- 
ing place on board, with the names and ages of 
the parties. 

153. Member of crew leaving. Ninth. The 
name of every seaman or apprentice who ceases 
to be a member of the crew otherwise than by 
death, with the place, time, manner and cause 
thereof. 

154. Wages due deceased. Tenth. The wages 
due to any seaman or apprentice who dies during 
the voyage, and the gross amount of all deduc- 
tions to be made therefrom. 

155. Sale of effects of deceased. Eleventh. 
The sale of the effects of any seaman or appren- 
tice who dies during the voyage, including a 
statement of each article sold and the sum re- 
ceived for it. 

156. Collision. Twelfth. In every case of col- 
lision in which it is practicable to do so, the Mas- 
ter shall, immediately after the occurrence, cause 
a statement thereof, and of the circumstance 
under which the same occurred, to be entered in 
the official log book. Such entry shall be made 
in the manner prescribed in Section 4291 (Re- 
vised Statutes), and failure to make such entry 
shall subject the offender to penalties prescribed 
by Section 4292 (Revised Statutes). 

157. Method of making entries. Every entry 
hereby required to be made in the official log book 
shall be signed by the Master and by the Mate 

75 



or some other one of the crew, and every entry 
in the official log book shall be made as soon as 
possible after the occurrence to which it relates, 
shall show the date of the occurrence and of the 
entry respecting it ; and in no case shall any entry 
therein, in respect to any occurrence happening 
previously to the arrival of the vessel at her final 
port, be made more than 24 hours after arrival. 

158. Properly kept. If the official log book 
is not kept in the manner hereby directed, the 
Master shall for each such offense be liable to a 
penalty of not more than $25; and every person 
who makes, or procures to be made, or assists in, 
making, any entry in any official log book in re- 
spect to any occurrence happening previous to the 
arrival of the vessel at her final port of discharge, 
more than 24 hours after such arrival, shall, for 
each offense, be liable to a penalty of not more 
than $150. 

159. Caution re changes and alterations in log 
entries. Masters and Officers are especially cau- 
tioned against making changes or alterations in an 
entry once made. Should it become necessary to 
correct an entry in the log because of an error, it 
must be done without defacing the original entry 
otherwise than by drawing a line thru the errone- 
ous entry, and leaving it legible as first written. 
Attempts to destroy or make legible, entries once 
made, should never be permitted, and any at- 
tempts thereat are frowned upon by the courts 
as attempts to conceal the truth. The officers 
making changes shall initial the margin opposite 
the correction. 

160. Additional data. In addition to the 
above, the following data shall be entered in the 
deck log: 

Force and direction of the wind. 
Course and speed in knots per hour. 

77 



Bearings, observations, soundings and places 
of departure, ship's draft when entering 
and leaving port. 
Barometric reading, temperature of air and 
water, and such other matters as directed 
by Master. 
Average revolutions per minute. 
Fuel consumption. 
In case of accident, the time shall be checked 
with engineroom records to avoid discrepancies. 
Appropriate entries shall likewise be made in the 
Deck Log when periodical inspections are made. 

ENGINEERS' DEPARTMENT 

161. Duties of the Chief Engineer. The Chief 
Engineer, as the head of the Engineers' Depart- 
ment, shall be responsible for the preservation 
and efficient working of all machinery, of what- 
ever description, both of the ship and her boats, 
including the maintenance and repair of the cargo 
pumps, cargo pipe lines, cargo heating coils, etc. 
The actual operation of the cargo pumps shall be 
under the supervision of the Chief Officer. 

162. Paramount duty. The paramount duty 
of the Engineers' Department is to have all ma- 
chinery, boilers and other apparatus in their 
charge ready to meet all proper requirements. 

163. When Chief Engineer joins. Upon join- 
ing a ship, the Chief Engineer shall immediately 
familiarize himself with the type and condition 
of the main engines and other machinery under 
his charge, and make a written report to the 
Marine Department which is also to be signed by 
the Master. 

164. Responsibility to Master. The Chief En- 
gineer is responsible to the Captain for the eco- 
nomical and efficient operation of the machinery 
under his charge. 

79 



165. Protest in case of improper order. If the 

Master gives the Chief Engineer an order, the 
execution of which, in the opinion of the Chief 
Engineer, may result in damage to the machinery 
and/or boilers, the Chief Engineer shall explain 
to the Master the danger of complying with the 
order, and if the Master insists and states that 
compliance is necessary for the safety of the 
lives of those on board, or for the vessel, the Chief 
Engineer shall comply with the order. The 
Master's opinion as to the emergency shall be 
final, notwithstanding the Chief Engineer's opin- 
ion, the whole matter shall be fully and com- 
pletely entered in the Captain's and Engineers' 
log, and confirmed in writing as soon as practi- 
cable. 

166. Inspection. The Chief Engineer shall in- 
spect all parts of the ship under his charge at 
least once daily, and keep himself thoroughly 
familiar with the condition of the boilers and ma- 
chinery under his charge. 

167. Presence in engineroom. The Chief En- 
gineer shall personally supervise the maneuvring 
of the engines when entering and leaving port, 
when leaving or approaching a dock, when in re- 
stricted waters or at any time when frequent 
bridge signals may be expected. 

168. Chief Engineer aboard when docking. The 

Chief Engineer must be aboard the vessel when 
docking, and must be prepared to check, in con- 
nection with shore representatives, the amount 
of bunker fuel oil and water aboard at the time of 
docking. 

When relief engineers are provided, the Chief 
Engineer shall personally see that the relief engi- 
neer is properly instructed, so that the latter may 
intelligently assume charge of the engine watch. 

81 



169. Repairs. The Chief Engineer shall keep 
a record of all repairs required to the main boil- 
ers, main engines and other machinery under his 
charge and shall be prepared to submit the record 
to the Master or Port Engineer when required. 

170. Engineers' journal. The Chief Engineer 
shall keep a journal in which shall be entered all 
repairs or adjustments made to the main engines, 
boilers or other machinery coming under his 
cognizance. It shall be clearly stated whether 
work is done by the ship's force or by outside 
force. This journal shall indicate the amount of 
clearance allowed on all bearings and pins and 
shall be a complete history of all machinery. It 
shall be retained on board as a ship's permanent 
record, and shall be turned over to the relieving 
Chief Engineer if change in personnel is made. 

171. Notice before trying main engines. The 
Chief Engineer shall give the Mate at least one 
half hour's notice before trying the main engines, 
so that the ship may be properly secured, and 
shall not turn over engines until informed by the 
Mate that the ship is properly secured. 

172. Fuel, fresh water and lubricating oil. 
The Chief Engineer shall require the amount of 
fuel, fresh water and lubricating oil on hand to 
be accurately kept, and shall report the amount 
on hand and amount expended daily to the Cap- 
tain. 

173. Engineers' log. The Chief Engineer shall 
personally inspect the Engineers' log daily and 
assure himself that all entries therein are accu- 
rately made. When Chief Engineer is transferred 
or paid off he shall make an entry to that effect, 
giving date, and sign his name. 

174. Personnel. The Chief Engineer shall note 
the reliability and aptitude of the Engineer N Offi- 
cers and men, and shall be prepared to report to 
the Master on their general proficiency. 

83 



175. Report cases. The Chief Engineer shall 
report to the Master all cases of indolence, care- 
lessness in performance of duties or other miscon- 
duct that may come to his notice, for such action 
as the Master sees fit to take. 

Duties of Assistant Engineers 

176. Assignments by Chief Engineer. The 

Assistant Engineers shall perform such duties as 
are assigned to them by the Chief Engineer. 

177. Succeed to duties of Chief Engineer. In 
case of the absence, death or disability of the 
Chief Engineer, Assistant Engineers shall suc- 
ceed in order of seniority. 

178. Cases of misconduct. Assistant Engineer 
officers shall report to the Chief Engineer all 
cases of indolence, carelessness in performance of 
duties or other misconduct that may come to their 
notice. 

Duties of Engineer Officer of the Watch 

179. Chief Engineer's representative. The 

Engineer Officer of the Watch is the Chief Engi- 
neer's representative in the absence of the Chief 
Engineer from the engineroom, and as such he is 
responsible to the Chief Engineer for the eco- 
nomical and safe operation of the main boilers, 
main engines and their dependencies. 

180. Responsible for maintaining speed. The 

Engineer Officer of the Watch is responsible to 
the Chief Engineer for maintaining the standard 
speed assigned. In case of the necessity of ma- 
terially changing the speed, he shall immediately 
report the fact to the bridge and to the Chief 
Engineer. 

181. Answer all bells or other signals from 
bridge. The Engineer Officer of the Watch shall 

85 



immediately comply with all bells or other sig- 
nals from the bridge. In, case of an order from 
the bridge or from other authority to increase 
speed above normal, he shall also immediately 
inform the Chief Engineer. 

182. Report all breakdowns or other defects of 
machinery. In case of a breakdown or other de- 
fect of machinery or boilers, the Engineer Officer 
of the Watch shall take immediate steps to rem- 
edy same, but shall also inform the Chief Engi- 
neer of the facts. 

183. Unusual expenditures of fuel, etc. The 

Engineer Officer of the Watch shall keep himself 
informed of the expenditure of fuel, lubricating 
oil and fresh water during his watch, and in case 
expenditures are unusual, he shall make every 
effort to determine the cause and remedy same, 
and notify the Chief Engineer. 

184. Duty when relieved. When relieved, the 
Engineer Officer of the Watch shall inform his 
relief of the standard speed, boilers in use, and 
the condition of boilers, engines and auxiliaries 
and any orders of the Chief Engineer. He shall 
especially turn over to his relief knowledge of 
any bearings or rods that are "hot" or otherwise 
giving trouble, and any other facts that would 
be of interest or assistance to his relief. 

185. In case of danger when relieving. If the 

relieving Engineer Officer is of the opinion that 
the vessel's engines, boilers or any part of the 
engine department are in a dangerous condition 
he may refuse to relieve until the Chief Engi- 
neer has been notified and his instructions re- 
ceived. 

186. Not to leave boiler or engineroom. The 

Engineer Officer of the Watch shall not leave the 
engineroom unless regularly relieved by the Chief 
Engineer or other duly qualified Engineer Officer. 

87 



Duties of the Pumpman 

187. Scope. The pumpman shall be under the 
Chief Engineer for upkeep and repair of the 
cargo pumps, and under the Mate for loading, dis- 
charging and ballasting the ship. Therefore, he 
shall be under the Mate 24 hours before starting 
to load or discharge and 24 hours after com- 
pleting. At other times he shall be under the 
Chief Engineer. 

188. When signing on. The pumpman shall 
be -signed on in. the articles as "Pumpman and 
Carpenter." 

Machinist 

189. Duties. The Company has adopted the 
policy of carrying machinists on certain vessels 
of the Fleet. 

Machinists are to work under the supervision 
of the Chief Engineer on general repair work 
thruout the ship. 

190. Economical operation. The Engineers' 
Department shall make every effort to operate 
with greatest economy. 

191. Suggestions for economy. It is suggested 
that the following be given especial attention to 
gain economy: 

Reduce visible steam leaks to a minimum. 
Check amount of make-up feed water used 

and reduce it to a minimum. 
Keep boiler feed water free from oil, salt or 

other impurities. 
Do not run auxiliary machinery any more or 

any faster than actually required. 
Stop all air leaks in boiler casings. 
Keep boiler feed water as hot as facilities 

available permit. 
Keep cut-off correctly set and verify same 

frequently by taking indicator cards. 

89 



Regulate fires to obtain maximum heat from 

fuel. 
Be sure that steam traps are working 

properly. 

192. Precautions. Sudden or unequal heating 
or cooling of boilers, machinery or steam lines 
shall be avoided. The following are common 
causes : 

Raising steam in boilers too quickly. 
Insufficient circulation of water when raising 

steam in boilers. 
Turning steam on steam line when cold. 
Failure to sufficiently warm up main engines 

or other machinery before starting. 
Allowing boiler to cool off too quickly when 

dying out fires. 

193. Turbine reduction sets. It is directed 
that Chief Engineers of vessels equipped with 
turbine reduction sets give strict attention to the 
turbine reduction gear lubrication system; suc- 
cessful operation is absolutely dependent upon 
continuous and complete lubrication. 

194. Water in steam lines. The danger of a 
water hammer due to water in steam lines or in 
cylinders of machinery shall always be kept in 
mind and avoided by maintaining proper water 
level in boilers and proper working of separators 
and traps. 

195. Continual vigilance. Inspection of ma- 
chinery in operation shall be vigilant, and de- 
fects (such as overheating, knocks, etc.) noted, 
and corrected at first opportunity. 

196. Engineroom telegraph. The engineroom 
telegraph is a most important means of commu- 
nication on board ship. One of the Assistant En- 
gineers shall be given the care of this equipment. 
When ending a sea voyage and just before enter- 
ing restricted waters, the Engineer Officer of the 
Watch shall request the bridge to test out all 

91 



engine room telegraphs. The bridge shall grant 
this request. An entry shall be made in the En- 
gineers' log of this test. 

197. Test signals. Test out engineroom tele- 
graph, gongs and other means of signalling to 
bridge. Before testing out main engines, all en- 
gineroom telegraphs, gongs, voice tubes, tele- 
phones and any other means of signaling to the 
bridge shall be tested out. 

198. Main engines. One half hour before get- 
ting under way, permission shall be obtained from 
the Captain, or his representative, and main en- 
gines tried out in both directions. The Chief 
Engineer should send a man aft to see that every- 
thing is clear of the stern before trying out main 
engines. 

199. Steering engine, anchor engines, winches, 
etc. See that steering engine, anchor engines, 
winches and other auxiliaries on deck have been 
tested out and are ready for use in ample time. 

200. Precautions to safeguard personnel. 
When opening boilers or machinery for work or 
inspection inside, especial care shall be taken to 
prevent steam or hot water being accidentally 
admitted with resultant injury to personnel or 
damage to property. All valves on steam ex- 
haust or water lines shall be tightly closed and 
blanked off where possible ; otherwise wired shut, 
and a conspicuous sign placed on them as follows : 
"Danger — Do not open." It is advisable, when 
possible, to have at least two valves closed in 
this manner between the steam, exhaust or hot 
water and the open boiler or machinery. 

201. Vacuum in boiler. Before removing boiler 
manhole plate, open air cocks to release vacuum. 

202. Men in unventilated compartments. No 
man shall be allowed to enter fuel tanks, boilers, 
double bottoms or other parts of the ship not well 
ventilated until the air is pure and fit for them 

93 



to breathe. Men working in such places shall 
never be left unattended. In case of emergency, 
they shall be required to use a helmet and life 
line. 

203. When taking down steam, exhaust and 
water lines. When sections of steam, exhaust or 
water lines are taken down for repairs, the open 
flanges shall be fitted with a suitable blank to 
avoid damage from accidentally turning steam, 
exhaust or water on line taken down. 

204. Zinc plates: care of boiler feed water. 
Zinc plates shall be fitted in boilers as follows: 

2 furnace boilers: 10 zinc plates. 

3 furnace boilers: 12 zinc plates. 

4 furnace boilers: 14 zinc plates. 

Care shall be taken to have good metallic con- 
tact between boiler and zinc. Zinc shall be care- 
fully examined whenever boiler is open for in- 
spection. 

205. Boiler compound. Boiler compound will 
be furnished the ship in order to prevent the for- 
mation of scale and counteract the evil effects of 
corrosion due to impure water, etc. Specific and 
detailed instructions for the use of boiler com- 
pound and outfits for the testing of boiler water 
will also be furnished. The Engineers shall fa- 
miliarize themselves with the proper method of 
handling the boiler compound and of testing the 
water in the boilers, and the Chief Engineer shall 
personally test the water in the boilers at least 
once every 24 hours, noting the result of these 
tests in the Engineers' official log book. 

206. Effects of oil and acid. The effect of oil 
in the boiler water is to form a scale on the boiler, 
and it is the principal agent in making the water 
acid, with resultant active corrosive effects on in- 
terior of boiler ; also causes foaming and priming. 

207. Addition of soda and kerosene. In a 

95 



newly-filled boiler add 15 pounds of soda and one 
pint of kerosene. 

208. Test of condenser water and boiler water. 

The water in the feed and filter tank, as well as 
boilers, shall be tested once every watch, and if 
any salt be found the reason therefor shall be de- 
termined and corrected at first opportunity. 

209. Grease extractors. When grease extrac- 
tors are fitted on the feed line they shall be 
steamed out and cleaned at least once every 24 
hours. 

Care and Preservation of Boilers 

210. Cleaning water side. The boilers should 
be opened up and water side cleaned every four 
months if practicable. 

211. Opening Boilers. When it becomes neces- 
sary to open up boilers for cleaning, examination 
and/or repairs, at least twelve hours must elapse 
from the time the boiler is shut down until the 
water is emptied from same, and manhole plates 
removed. No artificial means of cooling boilers, 
such as turning ventilators to the wind, inserting 
windsails, etc., shall be resorted to. The above 
shall not be deviated from except in cases of urg- 
ent emergency. 

212. Examination. After wiping out, the 
Chief Engineer shall examine the interior of the 
boiler and make detailed notes in log book as to 
condition. 

213. Closing up boiler. After completion of 
work as set forth above, the Chief Engineer shall 
again inspect the water sides of boiler and in- 
terior fittings and see that all work has been 
properly performed and boilers are ready for 
closing up. He shall assure himself that steam 
spaces are coated with white zinc and kerosene. 
Upon being closed up, the boilers shall be filled 
with water at least 100 deg. F. in temperature, 

97 



if possible, and the Chief Engineer shall assure 
himself that all tubes are fitted with retarders. 

214. Test of safety valves. Safety valves shall 
be lifted at least once each calendar month. 

215. Indicator cards. One set of indicator 
cards, not worked out, shall be taken with the 
vessel in ballast and one set not worked out with 
a loaded ship on each voyage, in addition to one 
set of cards properly worked out. In addition to 
the usual data called for on indicator cards, the 
Chief Engineer shall submit the following, send- 
ing same to the New York office: 

Percentage of cut-off. 

Length of time vessel is out of dock. 

Conditions of weather when cards were 

taken. 
Approximate draft forward and aft. 
Pitch of propeller. 
Average revolutions per minute for four 

hours, at time cards were taken. 
Average speed by log for four hours, at time 

cards were taken. 
Percentage of error in log reading. 
Average stack temperature. 
Average fuel oil temperature. 
Average fuel oil pressure. 
Average consumption of fuel oil for four 

hours, at time cards were taken (by meter 

and/or by actual measurement) . 
Percentage of error in meter reading. 
Average temperature of water in hotwell. 
Average vacuum. 
Average back pressure on auxiliary exhaust 

lines. 
Average feed water temperature. 
The cards shall be kept clean and legible, and 
are to be taken under normal running conditions. 

216. Work to be performed by ship's personnel. 
The Company considers the following lines em- 

99 



body the scope of upkeep work to be performed 
by the ship's staff without outside assistance: 

Unless otherwise, properly authorized by a rep- 
resentative of the Repair Division, the Engineer- 
ing Staff shall open up for 'examination main en- 
gines, condensers, and all auxiliaries prior to sub- 
mitting requisitions for repairs in order to ascer- 
tain the extent of repairs required. 

The Engineering Staff is also required to over- 
haul main engines and auxiliaries and take up all 
lost motion, etc., in same; they should pack rods 
and valve stems, pack and overhaul all pumps as 
found necessary, grind in all valves and remake 
all steam, exhaust and water pipe joints, etc. 

Only in the case of repairs becoming neces- 
sary to the above is the assistance of repair con- 
tractors to be requisitioned. 

It is also the duty of the Engineering Staff to 
assist the repair contractors and to facilitate 
their work as much as possible, and further, to 
see that all repairs are properly made. 

217. Refrigerator temperatures. One of the 
Engineers and the Steward shall take the refrig- 
erator temperature twice daily, and enter the 
result 1n the book provided for the purpose. 

STEWARDS' DEPARTMENT 

218. Duties of Steward. The Steward, as head 
of this department, shall be directly responsible 
to the Master for the cleanliness and good condi- 
tion of the living compartments, messrooms, gal- 
ley, refrigerator compartments, storerooms under 
his charge, and the conduct of all members of his 
department. 

219. Issuing of stores. The Steward shall per- 
sonally issue all stores and provisions under his 
charge, and under no circumstances shall he give 
the keys of storerooms to the cooks or messmen. 

220. Opening of freezing rooms and iceboxes. 

101 



Freezing rooms and iceboxes shall not be opened 
oftener than twice a day, at which time all pro- 
visions required shall be removed, and the tem- 
perature taken in the presence of an Engineer 
Officer. 

221. Condemned stores. No provisions or 
stores shall be condemned and thrown overboard 
unless witnessed by the Captain and Chief Engi- 
neer; and in every such case a written report 
shall be made to the Standard Oil Company 
(N. J.), Marine Department, 26 Broadway, New 
York, N. Y,, and signed by the Captain, Chief En- 
gineer and Steward. 

222. Inventory. The Steward shall make a 
complete and accurate inventory of all stores and 
provisions remaining on board at the end of the 
voyage, and turn it over to the Master, who will 
forward same to the Standard Oil Company 
(N. J.), Marine Department, New York. 

223. Purchasing supplies. The Port Stewards 
will supply the vessels with sufficient provisions 
and supplies for the voyage, so that it should not 
be necessary to purchase provisions en route, 
other than those outlined in the Master's letter 
of instructions ; in all cases, however, the Master 
must be consulted and his approval obtained in 
writing before purchasing stores. 

224. Bills and invoices. Copies of all bills or 
invoices for provisions must be kept by the 
Steward, in files provided, and turned over to the 
Port Steward on demand. 

225. Extended voyage. In case the voyage is 
greatly extended, provisions and stores may, 
after the Captain's written approval, be pur- 
chased in the event of urgent necessity. 

226. Extra meals. In case meals are served* to 
persons other than members of the ship's per- 
sonnel, a receipt shall be obtained and turned in 
with requisitions at the end of voyage ; otherwise 
no credit will be given for such extra meals. 

103 



REPAIRS 

227. Requirements, The Company furnishes 
a form for ' 'Requirements for Maintenance and 
Repairs of the Vessels. " Requirements are al- 
ways to be entered on the appropriate forms and 
in quadruplicate. 

228. Checkers, Checkers will be placed on ves- 
sels on which work is being performed on time, 
who will check the work as to labor and material. 
The Captain and ship's Officers shall co-operate 
with checkers in every way practicable. The 
checkers shall be subsisted in one of the officers' 
messes. 

229. Procedure following preparation of requi- 
sition. The procedure to be followed in the prep- 
aration of a requisition is different under the fol- 
lowing conditions : 

(1) When in New York, 

(2) When in other U. S. ports having Super- 

vising Engineers, 

(3) When in an outport in U. S. or at Tam- 

pico, Mex., 

(4) When in a foreign port. 

The procedure under each of the above condi- 
tions is set forth below. 

230. Procedure when in New York. When in 
New York the original and duplicate copies shall 
be handed to the Supervising Engineer, the tripli- 
cate copy handed to the Superintendent of Con- 
struction and Repair, at 26 Broadway, and the 
quadruplicate retained on board ship. A copy of 
the confirming order for repairs is sent to the 
ship, and as soon as practicable after the comple- 
tion of repairs, the Chief Engineer shall check the 
work actually done against the ship's copy of the 
confirming order by items of work, and make ap- 
propriate remarks opposite each item, such as 
"Work satisfactorily completed," "Work com- 

105 



pleteti except ," ''Work unsatisfactory/' 

(state reason), etc. 

When work has been checked up as above, the 
Captain shall immediately mail the copy of con- 
firming order to the C. & R. Division, Standard 
Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, 26 Broadway, 
New York, N. Y. This is very important, as it is 
used as a check on the Repair Yard bills, and shall 
therefore be given the careful attention of all 
concerned. 

231. Procedure in U. S. ports other than New 
York. The procedure in ports, where Supervising 
Engineers are available, other than New York, is 
the same as at New York, except that the Captain 
hands the triplicate copy of requisition to the 
Agent instead of to the Superintendent of Con- 
struction & Repair, and the Agent, in turn, for- 
wards it to the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine 
Department, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 

232. Repairs at outports in U. S. and Tampico, 
Mex. No repairs shall be undertaken at outports, 
except those necessary for the dispatch and sea- 
worthiness of the ship, unless authorized by the 
New York office. In preparing requisitions for 
repairs at outports, the above must be borne in 
mind; otherwise the preparation of requisition 
is the same as already described, except the ship's 
Officers do not sign the duplicate copy until work 
is completed. The original and duplicates are 
handed to the Repair Yard, the triplicate turned 
over to our Agent to forward to the Standard Oil 
Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, New York, and 
the quadruplicate retained by the ship. 

The original, after being signed by the Captain 
and ship's Officers, constitutes an order on the 
Repair Yard. The duplicate is not signed until 
all work is completed, when it should be presented 
to the ship's Officers by the Repair Yard for ap- 
proval and signature. The ship's Officers shall 

107 



correct the duplicate, as per instructions on same, 
so that it will show the work actually performed ; 
sign and return it to the Repair Yard, with in- 
structions to mail it immediately to the Standard 
Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, New York. 
In case additional work be required after first 
requisitions have been accomplished, an additional 
requisition shall be made out in quadruplicate and 
handled in the same way. 

No bills are required to be signed by Master in 
above cases, as duplicate copies of requisitions 
serve instead. 

233. Repairs in foreign ports. Only repairs 
necessary for the dispatch and seaworthiness of 
the vessel shall be undertaken in foreign ports. 
In every case the Captain shall endeavor to get 
the labor and material costs itemized so as to show 
that which is chargeable under the various items 
shown on work list. 

234. Master to be informed of repairs. The 
Master shall keep himself informed by consulting 
the Chief Engineer and Chief Officer of all repairs 
necessary to the ship, and shall require them to 
furnish him, prior to arrival, with a repair list by 
items, in writing, for transmittal to the Standard 
Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine Department, New York. 

235. Repairs to wireless. The wireless appara- 
tus is the property of the Radio Corporation of 
America, and they look after the repairs to the 
wireless on all our vessels. In case any repairs 
are required, they shall be obtained thru the 
agents of the Radio Corporation. When the ves- 
sel is in New York, arrangements shall be made 
thru the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) Marine De- 
partment, 26 Broadway, New York, N. Y. 

236. Inspection of submarine signal apparatus. 
The submarine signalling apparatus shall be in- 
spected at least once every six months. The Sub- 
marine Signal Company, from whom this ap- 

109 



paratus is rented, have inspectors at the following 
ports: Montreal (summer), St. John (winter), 
Boston, New York, Philadelphia, Norfolk, San 
Francisco, and Seattle. 

When at one of the above mentioned ports and 
an inspection has not been made of the apparatus 
during the previous six months, notify the Sub- 
marine Signal Co., as well as the Standard Oil Co. 
(N. J.) Marine Department, 26 Broadway, New 
York, N. Y. 

237. Spare parts. All spare parts kept on ship 
shall be stowed in places where they are ade- 
quately protected from the elements, and where 
they are readily accessible in case of need; in no 
case shall they be stowed where there will be un- 
due delay in getting them in the event that they 
are needed. They shall be overhauled as often as 
necessary to keep them in first-class condition. 

The Chief Officer and Chief Engineer shall keep 
a record, showing the stowage of all spare parts 
in custody of their respective departments, in or- 
der that they can be readily located when re- 
quired. 

The Chief Officer's record of Spare Parts shall 
include a record of anchors on board, showing 
their weight, type, etc. ; on which bow the re- 
spective anchors are carried, and, in case an an- 
chor is lost, the weight, certificate number and 
type of anchor shall be included in report of loss, 
in order to facilitate replacing it with a new one. 
A similar record shall be kept of anchor chains. 

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 

238. Strict observance. The Master shall re- 
quire strict observance of safety precautions by 
all persons on his vessel. 

239. Fire drills and equipment. The Master 
shall assure himself that all fire-fi.ghting equip- 
ment is in good condition at all times, and that 

111 



the personnel are familiar with their duties in 
case of fire. Fire and boat drills shall be held 
weekly when weather and other conditions permit 
and an entry made in the ship's log whenever 
these drills are held. 

240. Lungmotors and gas helmets. The Com- 
pany has supplied the vessels of its fleet with 
lungmotors and gas helmets which shall be placed 
near the midships quarters, and kept in perfect 
condition at all times. One spare tank of oxygen 
for lungmotor, two spare tanks for gas helmets 
and six regenerators shall always be kept in lung- 
motor and gas helmet case. 

241. Instructions for use of lungmotors, etc. 
Books of instruction are to be kept in each lung- 
motor and gas helmet case. 

242. Purpose of lungmotor. The lungmotor is 
for the purpose of inducing artificial respiration 
in persons apparently drowned, overcome by 
gases, suffering from electric shock, or otherwise 
suffering from strangulation. The lungmotor 
shall always be promptly applied to persons suf- 
fering from above causes, even though they are 
apparently dead, and applications shall be con- 
tinued for at least two hours before giving up. 

243. Purpose of gas helmet. Gas helmets of 
various kinds are for the purpose of protecting 
persons entering compartments containing gases, 
smoke or other poisonous matter. THEREFORE, 
IF THERE BE ANY POSSIBILITY THAT THE 
AIR IS INFECTED WITH GASES, SMOKE OR 
OTHER IMPURITIES, MAKING THE AIR UN- 
FIT TO BREATHE, NO PERSON SHALL BE 
PERMITTED TO ENTER THE SPACE UNTIL 
IT IS KNOWN TO BE FREE OF GASES OR 
OTHER IMPURITIES, UNLESS HE IS PRO- 
TECTED BY A GAS HELMET AND FITTED 
WITH A SUITABLE LIFE LINE STRONG 
ENOUGH TO HAUL HIM OUT WITHOUT HIS 

113 



OWN ASSISTANCE. THIS LINE IS TO BE AT- 
TENDED BY AT LEAST ONE MAN ON DECK 
AS LONG AS THE PERSON IS IN THE TANK 
OR OTHER SPACE. 

In case the man entering the dangerous space 
cannot be seen at all times, the following signals 
shall be pre-arranged: 

One pull 0. K. 

Two pulls More slack. 

Three pulls Take in slack. 

Four pulls Haul me out. 

The man tending line on deck shall give "O. K." 
signals at short intervals, and if no response is re- 
ceived, the other shall be hauled out immediately. 

The fact that gas masks are effective for a 
limited time only shall always be kept in mind, and 
men shall be required to come out in order to get a 
new supply of air or oxygen in ample time. 

244. Demonstration and practice. The lung- 
motor and gas helmets shall be tried out and dem- 
onstrated in the presence of the officers and crew, 
in order that they may become thoroughly fa- 
miliar with their use and obtain confidence in their 
effectiveness. This demonstration shall be made 
to every new crew, and at least once monthly to 
old crew and entry of this fact made in the ship's 
log. 

245. Electric light and flashlight. The use of 
electric hand lamps with cable attachment (port- 
ables) shall under no conditions be used in tanks 
or pumproom (except when under repairs and a 
chemist's certificate has first been obtained stating 
the space is gas free). "Ever-Ready" flashlights 
or torches are provided by the Company and shall 
be used for purposes of this kind, and a sufficient 
number shall always be kept at hand to meet 
usual demand. The flashlights' buttons shall be 
well insulated with tape. 

115 



246. No naked lights. No naked lights are to 
be permitted on board at any time except by di- 
rect authority of the Master. Each ship shall 
have at least two safety lamps on board to be used 
in case of failure of ship's lighting plant. 

247. Safety matches. No matches except ap- 
proved safety matches shall be allowed on board. 

248. Responsibility for fire extinguishing ap- 
paratus. The Heads of the Departments are re- 
sponsible for the fire extinguishing apparatus in 
compartments under their jurisdiction, and shall 
make weekly personal inspections and tests in or- 
der to assure themselves that all parts are in per- 
fect condition and ready for instant use, and re- 
port this fact to the Master who will cause entry 
of same to be made in the ship's log. 

249. Means for extinguishing fires. THE 
MASTER SHALL BE RESPONSIBLE FOR 
KEEPING AT HAND SUFFICIENT MEANS 
FOR EXTINGUISHING FIRES. In this connec- 
tion, the following is required as a minimum : 

Crew's quarters 2 chemical fire extinguishers 

Fireroom 2 " " 

Galley 1 " 

Engineers' messroom 1 " " 

Pumproom 1 " " 

Chartroom 1 " 

Engineroom 1 " " 

Total 9 " 

250. Precaution against freezing. Unless fire 
extinguishers are of a non-freezing type, they 
shall be properly protected in cold weather to pre- 
vent freezing. 

251. Sand. An ample supply of sand for 
smothering fires shall be kept in the fire-, engine- 
and pumprooms. 

252. Instruction to crew. The crew shall be 
carefully instructed in the use of all fire extin- 
guishing apparatus and their duty in case of a 

117 



fire, and drill shall be held weekly when possible. 

253. Smothering Lines to Cargo Tanks. 

Smothering lines to cargo tanks of all vessels shall 
be set in the following manner : 

1. Main control valve shut. 

2. Valves into each individual tank to be open 

at all times. 
In connection with the above, the following is 
quoted from Rule IV, Clause 4, Page 142, of Gen- 
eral Rules and Regulations of the Board of Super- 
vising Inspectors: 

"All branch pipes shall be provided with 
valves which shall be left open at all times, 
so that the steam may enter all compart- 
ments simultaneously. Such branches as may 
not be required after the fire is definitely lo-, 
cated may be shut off, in order that the en- 
tire system may be concentrated on one 
.tank." 
The Master, Chief Engineer, all Deck Officers 
and all Engineers are expected to be -entirely fa- 
miliar with the smothering system of their 
vessel. 

254. Shipment of certain package goods pro- 
hibited. No naphtha, gasoline, benzine, etc., in 
cans, barrels, cases or packages of any kind, may 
be accepted for shipment on any of our tank 
steamers, except that on proper authority from 
the agent at an out-port or from the Marine De- 
partment, New York, samples of the different pro- 
ducts in packages not exceeding ten gallons each, 
and not more than five such samples at any one 
time, may be transported. 

255. No exemptions from compliance. All per- 
sons on board, including shore people making re- 
pairs, shall comply with the above regulations. 

ROUTINE 

256. Noon reports. The Master shall require 

110 



the following reports at noon daily while under 
way: 

From Chief Officer: Position at 8 A. M. and 

noon by observation 
and dead reckoning. 

From Chief Engineer: Distance run by the 

engines (average rev- 
olutions per minute 
and percentage o f 
slip), consumption of 
fuel, and fuel on hand. 

From Second Officer : Position at noon and 7 

P. M. by observation 
and dead reckoning. 

From Third Officer: Noon position by ob- 
servation and dead 
reckoning. 

The Master shall inform the Chief Engineer of 
the ship's latitude, longitude, distance made good, 
course, length of day, weather condition and cur- 
rent. 

257. Bilge soundings and ullages. Soundings 
of bilges and ullages of cargo shall be taken daily 
and entered in a book provided for the purpose. 

Engineroom sounding shall be taken daily and 
record kept by Chief Engineer. 

258. Meals. The Master shall set the hours for 
serving meals. No meals shall be served in state- 
rooms except in case of sickness and then only 
by permission of the Master. 

259. Inspections. The Master (or, in his ab- 
sence, the Chief Officer), Chief Engineer and 
Steward shall make a weekly inspection of the 
cold storage chamber and other places containing 
food supplies, and require that they be kept sani- 
tary and free from unsavory odors. 

The Master shall frequently inspect the food 
served to the various messes and require that it 
be ample and appetizing. 

121 



260. Boat and fire station bills. The Master 
shall require boat and fire station bills to be posted 
thruout the ship. 

261. National colors. WHEN ENTERING A 
FOREIGN COUNTRY, THE NATIONAL COL- 
ORS OF THE PORT BOUND TO SHALL BE 
DISPLAYED AT THE FORE-TRUCK. THIS IS 
AN IMPORTANT MATTER OF COURTESY, 
AND SHIPS FAILING IN THIS ARE LIABLE 
TO A FINE. 

262. Quarantine flag. When arriving in a for- 
eign port or in a home port from a foreign coun- 
try, the Quarantine Flag shall be displayed until 
Pratique has been granted or permission obtained 
from the proper authority to haul it down. Fail- 
ure to comply with this subjects the ship to a 
heavy fine. 

263. Harbor regulations. The Master shall ac- 
quaint himself with the harbor regulations of all 
ports visited and shall not dock until such regu- 
lations are carried out. This applies in particular 
to quarantine and the handling of inflammable 
cargoes. EVERY EFFORT SHALL BE MADE 
TO PREVENT THE LEAKAGE OF OIL OVER- 
BOARD. 

COMPANY REGULATIONS 

264. Port crew. When a ship is in port, all 
members of the crew on the ship's payroll are re- 
quired to be on board during regular working 
hours, unless leave of absence has been granted 
with the Master's authority. 

265. Leave in safe port. When a ship is at a 
wharf in a safe port, at least one licensed officer 
and two members of the deck crew, one licensed 
engineer, one oiler and one fireman shall be on 
board at all times. This number is considered a 
minimum, and additional members of the crew 

123 



may be kept on board at the discretion of the Mas- 
ter or Chief Engineer. 

266. Alcoholic liquors. No alcoholic liquors 
are permitted on board the vessels of this fleet 
for any purpose or at any time. In this connec- 
tion, evidence of the use of alcoholic liquor by any 
officer or member of crew, during working hours 
or while on duty, will be considered as. "prima 
facie" evidence of having had alcoholic liquor on 
board. Any person in the employ of the Marine 
Department of the Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) who 
violates this order, or a ship's officer or member 
of the shore staff in authority who fails to report 
violations of this order that come to his knowl- 
edge, will be liable to dismissal from the com- 
pany's service. 

267. Smoking. Smoking is strictly prohibited, 
except in such places and under such conditions 
as are prescribed by the Master. Every one on 
board shall be informed of this regulation, and 
conspicuous signs shall be placed about the ship 
such as "No Smoking Allowed." 

268. Slop chests. Vessels trading to foreign 
ports from the United States (except the Domin- 
ion of Canada, Newfoundland, the Bermuda 
Islands, the Bahama Islands, the West Indies and 
Central America), are required by law to be pro- 
vided with suitable slop chests, which shall con- 
tain requisite supplies for those on board. 

269. Master provides slop chest. The Master 
is required to provide a suitable slop chest before 
starting on any voyage requiring one, as set forth 
above. It should contain all wearing apparel 
necessary for a seaman, and a supply of tobacco. 

270. Cost of purchasing paid by Company. 
The cost of purchasing the slop chest, if required, 
will be paid by the Company and the Master's ac- 
count will be debited with same. 

271. All articles intended for crew. No arti- 

125 



cles shall be carried in the slop chest except those 
intended for the crew of the vessel, and under no 
circumstances are slop chest articles to be dis- 
posed of to people on shore. All officers, engineers 
and crew are to be cautioned that they are on no 
account to dispose of slop chest articles to people 
on shore. 

272. Master entitled to 10 per cent profit. The 
Master is entitled to make a profit of not more 
than 10 per cent on the wholesale value of articles 
at the port from which voyage commences. 

273. Private trading prohibited. The Master 
shall notify all members of the ship's company 
employed on his vessel that private trading is 
strictly prohibited. Anyone violating this rule 
will be summarily dealt with. 

274. Stowaways. A thorough search of the 
vessel is to be made for stowaways before clear- 
ing from port. In cases where stowaways have 
gotten aboard, the name, nationality, age and bag- 
gage of each stowaway, if any, are to be mani- 
fested. A supply of passenger lists is to be kept on 
board and copies to be made out for the Immigra- 
tion Inspector. The stowaway is to be under 
guard and every effort made to prevent escape. 
Stowaways are not to be delivered to anyone ex- 
cept the Immigration Officer, without permission 
of the New York office. When the Immigration 
Officer boards the vessel, he will give the Master 
instructions as to the disposition of the stowaway. 
A receipt shall be obtained when stowaway is de- 
livered. 

275. Wives on board. When a vessel is in port, 
the wives of the Captain, Chief Officer, and Chief 
and First Assistant Engineer, will be allowed on 
board, provided there is no opposition from the 
port authorities. This privilege is not extended 
to relatives or children, but is strictly limited to 
wives of the aforementioned members of the 

127 



ship's staff. When under way from port to port, 
no person other than staff, crew or other officials 
shall be allowed on board without special permis- 
sion from the Company. 

276. Fumigation. The Master, Officers and 
crew shall do everything to facilitate fumigation 
and co-operate in every way with the shore au- 
thorities. The ship shall be prepared for fumiga- 
tion under conditions required by law. A careful 
muster of all members of the crew shall be made 
before starting fumigation in order to be sure that 
none is left below. 

277. Smuggling. Smuggling or the carrying 
of liquors or other contraband is strictly prohib- 
ited. Any one detected in these practices will be 
prosecuted according to the law and will be liable 
for any fine that may be imposed on the ship or 
owners, and will further be liable to dismissal 
from the Company's service. 

LOADING AND DISCHARGING BULK CARGO 

278. Responsibility for cargo. The responsi- 
bility for loading, discharging and carrying of 
cargo without undue loss and/or contamination 
rests with the Master. The Chief Officer, as his 
assistant, and under his supervision, looks after 
the details of loading, discharging and the preser- 
vation of cargo while on board ship. 

279. Knowledge of ship's officers, etc. The Chief 
Officer, Second Officer, Third Officer and Pump- 
man are required to have a thorough understand- 
ing of loading and discharging cargo, including 
accurate personal knowledge of the use and loca- 
tion of all valves and pipelines. 

280. Fire hazard and precautions. When load- 
ing or discharging bulk oil, the Master shall re- 
quire every precaution to be taken to prevent fire. 
At this time it shall be remembered that the fire 
hazard is very great and no smoking or open 

129 



lights shall be permitted in the vicinity of the 
ship, and all fires not absolutely required shall be 
extinguished. 

All fire-fighting apparatus shall be in place and 
ready for instant use. 

281. Red flag to be displayed, or red light. 
When loading or discharging oil cargo, a red flag 
(International Code — Flag B) shall be displayed 
between foremast and mainmast in daylight, and 
a red light at night. 

282. Loading preparations. Before arriving in 
port to load cargo, the cargo tanks and pipelines 
shall be cleaned, dried and freed of residue from 
last cargo, or water, when weather and other con- 
ditions permit cleaning of tanks. 

283. Damage from mixing. A few barrels of 
oil of one kind, when allowed to mix with another, 
may spoil a whole tank and necessitate a re- 
running, which is costly and, at some receiving 
stations, impossible on account of lack of facili- 
ties. The danger of damage from mixing is great- 
est when loading high grade oils, such as lubricat- 
ing oil, benzine, naphtha or refined oil. 

284. Reporting ready for cargo. Before start- 
ing to load, the Chief Officer shall furnish the in- 
specting party with a statement showing that he 
and his assistants have examined all valves and 
connections and that the vessel is in every way 
ready to load cargo without danger of overflow. 
He shall have the tank tops raised and the port 
and starboard valves on empty tanks open, to 
facilitate inspection for the presence of water, 
dirt or pther foreign matter in the tank or lines 
and the condition of valves and stems. After the 
inspector has passed the tanks, the lids are to be 
closed (but not dogged down), valves adjusted 
and plug holes left open. 

285. Steam smothering lines. The Chief Offi- 
cer shall assure himself that steam smothering 

131 



lines and valves are in good order before starting 
to load. 

286. Testing signals to stop loading. , The sig- 
nal bells, gongs, telephones and loading lines shall 
be tested before starting to load. In testing and 
in all other instances, all signals are first to be an- 
swered by recipient, except a signal to stop shall 
be acted on and then answered. 

287. Loading with ballast on board. If practi- 
cable, loading shall not be started while ballast 
remains in the ship. If absolutely necessary to 
start loading with ballast on board or any water, 
however small in quantity, remains in any cargo 
tanks, the division valves shall be tested for 
tightness. If it becomes necessary to discharge 
ballast from the vessel when partly loaded, the 
oil lines shall be blanked off, or, if this be imprac- 
ticable, a watch shall be kept on the discharge line 
to detect the escape of oil. 

288. Connecting hose when at Mexican ports or 
other exposed berths. When at Mexican out- 
ports or other exposed berths, the hose shall not 
be fastened with nuts and bolts, but clamps pro- 
vided for the purpose shall be used. A top maul 
shall be kept handy to knock clamps adrift, if 
necessary. 

289. Slack tanks. Slack tanks shall be avoided 
where practicable. 

290. Allowance for expansion of oil. In load- 
ing tanks, allowance shall be made for the expan- 
sion and contraction of oil due to change of tem- 
perature. 

Tank steamer officers must be thoroughly fa- 
miliar with the effect of change of temperature 
upon different grades of oil. An increased 
(higher) temperature causes an increase of vol- 
ume of oil (expansion) and a decreased (lower) 
temperature, a decrease of volume (jshrinkage) . 

The change of volume, due to change of tem- 

133 



COMPARATIVE TABLE OF SPECIFIC AND BEAUME GRAVITIES 
WITH EQUIVALENT WEIGHTS AND MEASURES 





Degrees 




Kilos per 




I.bs. per 
42- gal. 




One ton of 2240 lbs. 




Degree; 


Lbs. per. 


Kilos per 


Lbs. per 
cu. ft. 


Lbs. per 




One ton of 2240 lbs. 
equivalent to 






Spec. 


bulk gal. 


bulk gal. 


Lbs. per 
cu. ft. 




equivalent to _ 




Spec. 


bulk gal. 


bulk gal. 


42-gal. 
bbl. 


Cu. 


Cu. ft. 


Am. gals. 


bbls. ' 




Grav. 


Grav. 


<231cu.in.) 


211 cu. in.) 


bbl. 


Cu. 
Meters 


Cu. ft. 


Am. gals. 


42-gal. 


Grav. 


Grav. 


(231 cu. in. (231cu.in.) 




Meters 










10000 


10 


8.331 


3.779 


62.320 


349.902 


1.016 


35.943 


268.875 


6.402 


.7755 


51 


6.461 


2.931 


48.332 
48.047 
47.800 
47.554 
47.269 
47.022 
46.768 
46.521 
46.304 
46.057 
45.903 
45.586 
45.339 
45.122 
44.868 
44.651 
44.434 
44.217 
43.970 


271.362 
269.766 
268.380 
266.994 
265.398 
264.012 
262.584 
261.198 
259.980 
258.594 
257.166 
255.948 
254.562 
253.344 
251.916 
250.698 
249.480 
248.262 
246.876 


1.310 
1.318 


46.346 
46.621 


346.696 
348.747 


8.255 
8.304 




.9930 


11 


8.273 


3.753 


61.886 


347.466 


1.023 


36.196 


270.760 


6.417 


.7710 


52 


6.432 


2.914 
2.899 


1.325 


46.862 


350.548 


8.346 




.9860 


12 


8.214 


3.726 


61.445 


344.988 


1.030 


36.456 


272.706 


6.493 


.7670 


53 


6.390 


1.332 


47.105 


352.368 


8.389 




.9790 


13 


8.156 


3.700 


61.011 


342.552 


1.038 


36.714 


274.645 


6.539 


.7630 


54 


6.357 


2.884 
2.866 
2.851 


1.339 


47.389 


354.487 


8.440 




.9725 


14 


8.102 


3.675 


60.607 


340.284 


1.044 


36.960 


276.475 


6.583 


.7585 


55 


6.319 


1.347 
1.354 
1.361 


47.638 


356.348 


8.484 




.9660 


15 


8.048 


3.650 


60.203 


338.016 


1.051 


37.208 


278.331 


6.627 


.7545 


56 


6.286 


47.896 


358.286 


8.531 




.9595 


16 


*7.994 


3.626 


59.799 


335.748 


1.058 


37.459 


280.211 


6.672 


.7505 


57 


6.252 


2.836 
2.821 


48.151 


360.187 


8.576 




.9530 


17 


7.939 


3.601 


59.388 


333.438 


1.066 


37 719 


282.152 


6.718 


.7465 


58 


6.219 


1.368 
1.375 
1.382 
1.389 
1.397 
1.403 
1.411 
1.418 
1.425 
1.432 
1.440 


48.376 
48.636 
48.799 
49.138 
49.406 
49.643 
49.924 
50.167 
50.412 
60.659 
50.944 
51.205 


361.874 


8.616 




.9465 


18 


7.885 


3.577 


58.984 


331.170 


1.073 


37.976 


284.084 


6.764 


.7430 


59 


6.190 


2.808 


363.814 


8.662 




.9400 


19 


7.831 


3.552 


58.580 


328.902 


1.080 


38.239 


286.043 


6.811 


.7390 


60 


6.157 


2.793 


365.834 


8.710 




.9340 
.9280 
.9220 
.9160 
.9100 
.9040 
.8985 
.8925 
.8870 


20 
21 
22 
23 
24 
25 
26 
27 
28 


7.781 
7.731 
7.681 
7.631 
7.581 
7.531 
7.485 
7.435 
7.390 


3.529 
3.507 
3.484 
3.461 
3.439 
3.416 
3.395 
3.372 
3.352 


58.206 
57.832 
57.458 
57.084 
56.710 
56.336 
55.992 
55.618 
55.281 


326.802 
324.702 
322.602 
320.502 
318.402 
316.302 
314.370 
312.270 
310.380 


1.088 
1.094 
1.102 
1.109 
1.116 
1.123 
1.131 
1.138 
1.145 


38.485 
38.733 
38.985 
39.241 
39.500 
39.762 
40.006 
40.275 
40.521 


287.881 
289.743 
291.629 
293.540 
295.476 
297.438 
299.266 
301.278 
303.112 


6.854 
6.898 
6.944 
6.989 
7.035 
7.082 
7.125 
7.173 
7.217 


.7350 
.7315 
.7275 
.7240 
.7200 
.7165 
.7130 
.7095 
.7055 


61 
62 
63 
64 
65 
66 
67 
68 
69 


6.123 

6.094 
6.061 
6.032 
5.998 
5.969 
5.940 
5.911 
5.878 


2.777 
2.764 
2.750 
2.736 
2.721 
2.708 
2.694 
2.681 
2.666 


367.575 
369.576 
371.353 
373.458 
375.273 
377.106 
378.955 
381.082 
383.037 
384.682 


8.762 
8.789 
8.842 
8.892 
8.935 
8.979 
9.022 
9.073 
9.120 
9.159 
9.205 




.8815 


29 


7.344 


3.331 


54.937 


308.448 


1.152 


40.744 


305.011 


7.262 


.7020 


70 


5.848 


2.653 


43.746 


245.616 


1.447 


j 


.8760 


30 


7.298 


3.310 


54.593 


306.516 


1.159 


41.031 


306.933 


7.308 


.6990 


71 


5.823 


2.641 


43.559 


244.566 


1.454 


61.425 


1 


.8710 


31 


7.256 


3.291 


54.279 


304.752 


1.166 


41.269 


308.710 


7.350 


.6955 


72 


5.794 


2.628 


43.342 


243.348 


1.461 


51.682 


386.607 




.8655 


32 


7.210 


3.270 


53.934 


302.820 


1.173 


41.533 


310.679 


7.397 


.6920 


73 


5.765 


2.615 


43.125 


242.130 


1.469 


5L942 


388.552 


9.251 




.8600 


33 


7.165 


3.250 


53.598 


300.930 


1.181 


41.793 


312.631 


7.444 


.6885 


74 


5.736 


2.602 


42.908 


240.912 


1.475 


52.205 


390.517 


9.298 




.8550 


34 


7.123 


3.231 


53.284 


299.166 


1.188 


42.039 


314.474 


7.487 


.6850 


75 


5.707 


2.589 


42.691 


239.694 


1.483 


62.470 


392.501 


9.345 




.8500 


35 


7.081 . 


3.212 


52.969 


297.402 


4.195 


42.289 


316.340 


7.532 


.6820 


76 


5.682 


2.577 


42.504 


238.644 


1.490 


52.701 


394.228 


9.386 




.8450 


36 


7.040 


3.194 


52.663 


295.680 


1.202 


42.534 


318.182 


7.576 


.6785 


77 


5.653 


2.564 


42.287 


237.426 


1.497 


52.971 


396.250 


9.434 




.8400 


37 


6.998 


3.174 


52.349 


293.916 


1.209 


42.790 


320.092 


7.621 


.6755 


78 


5.628 


2.553 


42.100 


236.376 


1.504 


53.207 


398.010 


9.477 




.8350 


38 


6.956 


3.155 


52.034 


292.152 


1.216 


43.048 


322.025 


7.665 


.6720 


7fl 


5.598 


2.539 


41.876 


235.116 


1.512 


53.492 


400.143 


9.627 




.8300 


39 


6.915 


3.137 


51.728 


290.430 


1.224 


43.304 


323.934 


7.713 


.6690 


80 


5.573 


2.528 


41.689 


234.066 


1.519 


53.732 


401.938 


9.570 




.8250 


40 


6.873 


3.118 


51.413 


288.666 


1.231 


43.569 


325.913 




.6660 


81 


5.548 


2.517 


41.502 


233.016 


1.525 


53.973 


403.750 


9.613 




.8205 


41 


6.836 


3.101 


51.137 


287.112 


1.238 


43.805 


327.678 


7.802 


.6630 


82 


5.523 


2.505 


41.315 


231.966 


1.531 


54.217 


405.577 


9.656 




.8155 


42 


6.794 


3.082 


50.823 


285.348 


1.245 


44.075 


329.703 


7.850 


.6595 


83 


5.494 


2.492 


41.098 


230.748 


1.541 


54.504 


407.718 


9.707 




.8110 


43 


6.756 


3.065 


50.538 


283.752 


1.252 


44.324 


331.558 


7.894 


.6565 


84 


5.469 


2.481 


40.911 


229.698 


1.548 


64.753 


409.582 


9.752 




.8055 


44 


6.719 


3.048 


50.261 


282.198 


1.260 


44.567 


333.383 


7.938 


.6535 


85 


5.444 


2.469 


40.724 


228.648 


1.554 


55.005 


411.463 


9.796 




.8015 


45 


6.677 


3.029 


49.947 


280.434 


1.268 


44.848 


335.494 


7.988 


.6505 


86 


5.419 


2.458 


•40.537 


227.598 


1.562 


55.259 


413.361 


9.842 




.7970 


46 


6.640 


3.012 


49.670 


278.880 


1.275 


45.098 


337.349 


8.035 


.6475 


87 


5.394 


2.447 


40.330 


226.548 


1.569 


55.515 


416.277 


9.887 




1 .7925 


47 


6.602 


2.995 


49.386 


277.284 


1.282 


45.357 


339.292 


8.078 


.6445 


88 


5.S69 


2.435 


40.163 


225.498 


1.576 


55.773 


417.210 


9.933 




.7885 


48 


6.569 


2.980 


49.139 


275.898 


1.289 


45.585 


340.996 


8.119 


.6415 


89 


5.344 


2.424 


39.976 


224.448 


1.584 


56.034 


419.162 


9.980 




.7840 


49 


6.532 


2.963 


48.863 


274.344 


1.296 


45.843 


342.928 


8.165 


.6390 


90 


5.324 


2.415 


39.826 


223.608 


1.589 


56.245 


420.737 


10.017 




J .7795 


50 


6.494 


2.945 


48.578 


272.748 


1.303 


46.112 


344.934 


8.213 


























10 ° 


to 


20 


20.1 


it 


30 


30.1 


tt 


40 


40.1 


a 


60 


50.1 


tt 


55 


55.1 


it 


60 


60.1 


tt 


65 


65.1 


ti 


70 


70.1 


tt 


75 


75.1 


tt 


80 


80.1 


a 


85 



perature, varies with different gravities of oil 
loaded, and therefore a table showing co-efficient 
of change of volume for change of temperature is 
given below : 

Beaume Coefficient for change 

gravity of oil 1° F. in temperature 

.00035 
.0004 
.00045 
.0005 
.00055 
.0006 
.00065 
.0007 
.00072 
.00075 
.00078 

Illustration : 

Assume that after taking the ullage of a cargo 
tank of fuel oil, 21.4 beaume gravity at 100 deg. 
Fahr. temperature, it is found that the tank con- 
tains 20,000 cu. ft. of oir and it is desired to de- 
termine how many cu. ft. will be in the tank at 
90 deg. Fahr. 

Looking at above table it is seen that the co- 
efficient for change of 1 deg. Fahr. is .0004 ; conse- 
quently for 10 deg. Fahr. change, the co-efficient 
will be .0004 x 10 = .004. 

The change of volume is 20,000 cu. ft. 
(times) .004 

80 cu. ft. 
The volume of oil in tank will therefore be: 

( ' \ 20,0 qa °«' « t# f™ s is subtracted beO 
(minus; ____°y < cause temperature is > 

19 920 " " ^ decreased. J 

The table below is self-explanatory and will be 
of great value in determining the weight, gallons, 
barrels, etc., knowing the volume, temperature 
and specific gravity, which can always be readily 
obtained : 

135 



291. Topping off. Tanks shall be loaded to a 
predetermined ullage below that to be finally 
loaded, and "topped off" afterwards to height in- 
tended for passage. The speed of loading when 
"topping off" shall be reduced. 

292. Summer tanks and their use. Summer 
tanks are used when a vessel is loading a light 
cargo to obtain desired draft. Where practicable, 
summer tanks should be loaded with oil of the 
same grade as the tank below. If avoidable, no 
naphtha, benzine or fuel oil should be loaded in a 
tank directly over refined or lubricating oil, or 
vice versa, on account of the danger of contamina- 
tion, if leakage occur. 

293. Loading summer tanks. If it be neces- 
sary to load different oils in the summer tanks 
than in the main tanks below them, it shall never 
be done until the summer tank has been tested by 
pressing oil in the main tanks well up into the ex- 
pansion of the tank; if any leakage be noted in 
the summer tank, it should not be used for loading 
a different oil, but a summer tank should be se- 
lected which successfully passes the test outlined 
above. 

Special care should be taken in loading summer 
tanks to prevent overflow on account of their 
small size. 

294. Watch over tanks when starting to load. 

When starting to load, a close watch shall be kept 
on all tanks and compartments, in order to be 
sure that cargo is not leaking into wrong tanks. 

295. Watch over tanks that are filled. When a 
tank is filled, a close watch should be kept to be 
sure oil is not leaking by valves. 

296. Avoid closing valves against pumps. 

When closing off a valve, care shall be taken not 
to set up a pressure in line, which may result in 
breaking hose. The pump shall previously be 

137 



slowed down or stopped, unless oil can be run into 
another tank. 

297. Loading over all. Loading over all is not 
recommended, and should only be undertaken as a 
last resort. Naphtha, gasoline, benzine or distil- 
late shall never be loaded over all. If it becomes 
necessary to load over all, the following precau- 
tions shall be observed: 

The lids of the hatches shall not be hooked 
back but kept only part open. 

The top of the tank hatch shall be covered 
with tarpaulin. 

The galley and fireroom doors shall be 
closed. 

298. Prevent hose chafing. The Chief Officer 
shall exercise care in preventing the chafing of 
hose while loading or discharging cargo. 

299. Plug holes and air vents. Plug holes shall 
be left open while loading, to allow gas and air to 
escape, and air vent valves closed on vessels hav- 
ing a common riser for air vent lines, and open on 
vessels having independent air vent lines. When 
loading is completed, plug holes shall be closed, 
and air vent valves opened. 

300. Discharging preparations. All proper 
preparations shall be made for discharge before 
arriving in port ; especially derricks for handling 
cargo hose ; and clamps, nuts, bolts, spanners, etc., 
shall be gathered together. 

301. Ullages and temperatures. The Chief Of- 
ficer, accompanied by the shore, officials, is re- 
quired to take samples, ullages, and temperature 
before starting to discharge. 

302. Tank lids down. The tank lids shall be 
closed, but not dogged down, during discharge, 
and the gas vent valves open. 

303. Discharging mixed cargo. When dis- 
charging a mixed cargo, care shall be taken to see 
that valves and master valves are properly shut, 

139 



and the ullage of other tanks watched for leakage. 

304. Inspection after discharge. After the ves- 
sel is discharged the Master shall obtain a certi- 
ficate from the consignee's representative to the 
effect that all cargo is discharged or if not the 
depth of the oil forward, aft and amidships in 
each tank which contains oil which can not be 
discharged. 

305. Hose to be blown out. When changing 
the grade of oil discharge, care should be taken 
to blow out the hose to prevent mixing. 

306. Care of cargo while on board. The Chief 
Officer, under the supervision of the Captain, shall 
take all steps necessary to avoid loss or contam- 
ination of cargo while on board. 

307. Daily ullages. Ullages of all tanks shall 
be taken daily, when practicable, and made a mat- 
ter of record on forms provided for the purpose. 

308. Care of cargo tanks. — Tank record. The 
Chief Officer shall keep a record of all leaks dis- 
covered in the cargo tanks, in a book provided for 
this purpose. 

309. Pressure relief valves. Pressure relief 
valves on cargo discharge lines, on all vessels, are 
to be tested at least once every thirty days to 
determine whether or not they are in good work- 
ing condition. 

These valves are to be tested to a pressure of 
100 lbs. per square inch. The valves must so 
function that immediate relief is given to the 
pressure in the cargo lines by the automatic open- 
ing of these valves at the above pressure. 

You will make note in your log each time valves 
are tested, together with any comments on the 
operation of the same. 

Kelief valves are to be blanked off during the 
discharging or loading of Naphtha, Gasoline and 
Refined Oil cargoes. At other times these valves 
must be free to operate. 

141 



Careful inspection must be made each time a 
loading or discharging hose bursts, to see whether 
or not the relief valve has opened, and a complete 
report made of each case. 

310. Inspection for leaks. When wiping up 
tanks preparatory to receiving cargo, slight leaks 
are often discovered, and, when possible, tempo- 
rary repairs should be effected by the ship's staff 
until the ship is in dock and permanent repairs 
can be made. 

311. Precaution before attempting emergency 
repairs. Before attempting to work in a tank, it 
shall be well steamed out and ventilated, to be 
sure that all gases are out. A copper maul shall 
be used in order to avoid making sparks while 
working in tanks. 

312. Steaming and cleaning tanks. It is a most 
important duty of the Master and Deck officers to 
have the tanks clean, dry and ready for cargo upon 
arrival at loading point. The degree of cleanli- 
ness required varies with the grade of oil to be 
carried, the most rigid requirements being for 
light or refined oils, and lubricating oil, as the 
damage due to mixing or contamination is great- 
est with these grades of oil. In case of fuel oil 
and heavy oils, the requirements for cleanliness 
are not as severe, but the tanks must be free of 
water and wiped out. 

To steam out the tanks the tank lids are closed, 
but no dogs set up, and the plug caps reversed to 
prevent pressure building up. 

313. Cleaning pipe lines. In the process of 
cleaning tanks, care should be taken to clean out 
all pipe lines. 

314. Chemist's test. Before the vessel is per- 
mitted to go in dry dock, or have repairs made to 
tanks, it is necessary to obtain a chemist's cer- 
tificate that tanks are free of gas. 

143 



315. Slops. No slops from tanks are to be 
pumped overboard when in port, in navigable 
rivers, or within the three-mile limit. 

TRANSPORTATION OF MOLASSES 

As it is possible that vessels of this Company 
may be called upon to transport molasses, a brief 
description of methods of handling this cargo is 
given below. 

316. Cleaning tanks. If the vessel has been 
carrying bulk oil and is directed to prepare to 
carry molasses, the tanks must be cleaned as fol- 
lows: 

Steam out tanks from 10 to 24 hours; the 
length of time varies with the grade of oil pre- 
viously carried. If previous cargo was light oil, 
ten hours' steaming is usually sufficient; if pre- 
vious cargo was heavy crude, 24 hours is neces- 
sary. 

After steaming, the tanks must be thoroughly 
washed down witfi sea water thru a hose. Care 
must be taken to wash all oil out of corners. All 
pipe lines must be thoroughly cleaned by flushing 
with water. All sediment or oily water must be 
bailed out of tanks. 

317. Loading. Usually molasses is loaded over- 
all ; that is, the molasses is delivered into the top 
of one tank and equalized in other tanks thru 
pipe lines. Molasses is much heavier than oil; (it 
weighs about 11% lb. per gallon), so that the 
average oil tanker will carry full deadweight of 
cargo in about 2/3 of the main tanks. Therefore, 
careful attention should be given to loading the 
vessel in order to distribute the weight of cargo, 
so that the least strain will be on the vessel. 

All air vents from tanks in which molasses is 
loaded should be opened and kept open during en- 
tire voyage. 

318. Heater coils. Heat should never be 

145 



turned on heater coils during transportation nor 
at any other time. 

319. Discharging. If holes in strainer .boxes 
(rose boxes) are less than 1/2 i n - * n diameter, the 
plates should be removed, as heavy molasses will 
not flow freely thru holes of smaller diameter. 
It is essential that the vessel be kept in such trim 
that molasses will flow thru the pipe lines 
towards the pumps when discharging molasses, as 
it is difficult to hold suction when pumps have to 
draw molasses "up-hill." 

It is well to keep one of the main tanks near 
pumproom full while discharging other tanks, so 
that pumps can be primed from it in case suction 
is lost in a tank at a distance from the pumproom. 
This means of priming the pump is very neces- 
sary when molasses is below pipe line, as the 
pumps often lose their suction under these condi- 
tions. In case molasses is very heavy, live steam 
is used to warm up the cargo, but this should 
never be resorted to without the consent of the 
consignee. If permission be received from the 
consignee to use steam, the following is the pro- 
cedure : 

Obtain a length of pipe 1 in. to IV2 i n - i n diam- 
eter, fit a tee on the end and a length of pipe from 
2 ft. to 3 ft. long in each opening of the tee, fit 
caps on the ends of these tee pipes, and drill 
about G^-in. holes in them. Lower the tee end 
of pipe as near the suction as possible, connect 
the other end to steam supply and turn on steam. 

This will soften the molasses and facilitate dis- 
charging cargo. 

Never turn steam on heater coils as the mo- 
lasses will be burned and solidified and necessitate 
the use of picks and shovels to discharge cargo. 

320. Scouring tanks to load oil after carrying 
molasses. In case the vessel, after carrying mo- 
lasses, is required to load oil, the tanks should be 

147 



thoroughly washed out with salt water thru 
a hose, taking special care to clean the cracks and 
corners of the tanks. The pipe lines and pumps 
must be thoroughly washed out. 

The above method should be used whether the 
vessel is to load refined oils or crude oils, except 
that one good washing is usually required for 
crude oils, and six or more washings in case of 
refined oils. 

No steam should be used either in heater coils 
or steaming-out lines. 

GENERAL 

321. Report when visiting a port out of usual 
trade. When visiting a port out of our usual 
trade, the Master shall make a report of the fa- 
cilities available. The following details are espe- 
cially desired: description of approaches, depth 
of water, method of connecting up hose, size of 
hose used, whether reducing pieces are required 
or not, if so, what size ; if possible, a sketch show- 
ing the wharf and depth of water around steamer 
at low tide and the shore pumping and/or receiv- 
ing capacity per hour; distance of shore tanks 
from ship, elevation of shore tanks, size and also 
any suggestions of the Master that will tend to 
facilitate loading and/or discharging of cargo. 

322. Night quarantine inspection, Panama 
Canal. Vessels arriving are permitted by Execu- 
tive order, dated March 2, 1920, to obtain quaran- 
tine during the night at the Panama Canal ; there- 
fore you will, whenever weather and other condi- 
tions permit, obtain quarantine upon arrival at 
either Balboa or Colon, and proceed thru the Canal 
without awaiting daylight. 

323. Rules in Mexico. Our Company operating 
in Mexico is not allowed to dispatch goods which 
are not our personal property, thru the Aduana, 
and for every violation of this law we are liable to 

149 



a fine of from ten dollars to five hundred dollars. 

324. Gratuities or commissions. Under no cir- 
cumstances are the Master, Mates, Engineers or 
any other members of the crew allowed to accept a 
gratuity from any firm, supplier or contractor. 

325. Courtesy. Officers and crew shall at all 
times be polite and courteous in their dealings 
with public officials and shore authorities and 
workmen. 

326. Reporters and press agents. Reporters 
and press agents shall be referred to the Com- 
pany's officials for information. 

327. Promotion of personnel. The Company 
desires wherever practicable to fill vacancies at 
the top from men already in the service of the 
Company. It is, therefore, to the best interest of 
officers and men to endeavor to obtain licenses for 
next higher rank, so that they will be available 
when a vacancy occurs or a higher position is 
otherwise available. 

328. Taking examination. The Company will 
co-operate in every way to facilitate the taking of 
necessary examinations to get the license desired. 

329. Report of conduct. The Reports of Con- 
duct will be given great consideration in selecting 
men to fill positions of higher rank, so that Mas- 
ters and Chief Engineers must exercise their best 
judgment in filling out these reports. 

330. Items of interest for "The Lamp." It is 
requested that items of interest, especially photo- 
graphs of ships, loading and discharging docks, 
etc., be forwarded to the Operations Division, 
Standard Oil Co. (N. J.), Marine Department, 26 
Broadway, New York, for publication in the 
Standard Oil Co. (N. J.) magazine, 'The Lamp." 

331. Annuities plan, bonus system, stock ac- 
quisition and life insurance plans shall be given 
publicity on board the ship in order that all may 
be informed of the benefits. 

151 



INDEX 



Accidents, investigation of . . 16 

Accidents to personnel..... 79 

Accidents to vessels, etc. : 

Cause of delay. . 89 

Damages repaired 94 

Procedure to follow in 

case of 87 

• Result of investigation. . . 88 

Survey representation 92 

Acid in boiler water 206 

Agent to be notified upon 

arrival 49 

Air vents 299 

Alcoholic liquors 266 

Alien crew list 70 

Alien's income tax 75 

Allotments 76 

Alterations in log books, . . . 159 

Anchor and cables 130 

Anchor buoys 132 

Anchor, coming to 134 

Anchor engine test 199 

Anchor, turning head on... 133 

Annuities plan, etc 331 

Appointment, application for 77 

Arriving in port 49 

Assistant engineers' duties : 

Assignments by chief 

engineer , 176 

Report misconduct, etc. . 178 

Succeeds by seniority.... 177 



Ballast, loading with ship in 287 

Beaume gravities 290 

Bilge soundings 257 

Bill of health 63 

Bills and invoices 224 

Bills of lading 64 

Bills of lading (negligence 

clause) 65 

Bills, signing of ; . 81 



Boat station bills 260 

Boiler compound 205 

Boiler feed water, care of.. 204 

Boiler overhaul, etc 55 

Boiler repairs, etc 169 

Boilers, care of : 

Cleaning water side 210 

Closing 213 

Examination 212 

Indicator cards 215 

Opening 211 

Safety valve test 214 

Boiler, soda and kerosene in 207 

Boiler water test 208 

Bonus system, etc 331 

Bridge, presence of master 

on 22 



Cargo contamination 283 

Cargo, care of 306 

Cargo, discharging mixed. . . 303 
Cargo, expedite disposition of 53 

Cargo, fire hazard of 280 

Cargo, report of readiness 

for 284 

Cargo, responsibility for... 278 
Certificate of seaworthiness. 91 

Chain, heaving in 131 

Charts, custody of 34 

Checkers 228 

Chemists' test of tanks 314 

Chief engineer's custody... 86 

Chief engineer's duties 161 

Aboard when docking. . . . 168 

Engineers' journal 170 

Engineers' log 173 

Fresh water supply 172 

Fuel supply, etc 172 

Inspection .' 166 

Joining ship 163 

Lubricating oil supply, etc. 172 



153 



INDEX (Continued) 



Paramount duty 1 162 

Personnel 174 

Presence in engine room. 167 

Protest in case of im- 
proper order 165 

Repairing 169 

Report misconduct, etc. . . 175 

Responsibility to master. 164 

Chief officer's custody 85 

Chief officer's duties 102 

Arrival in port 112 

Assigning duties 104 

Inspection 107 

Joining ship 103 

Leaving port Ill 

Loading and discharging. 110 

Navigational duties 106 

Personnel 108 

Reporting misconduct, etc. 109 

Succeeds master 105 

Chronometer corrections. ... 36 

Chronometer record book. . 37 

Chronometer winding 38 

Clearance papers, etc 45 

Clearing vessels coastwise. 67 

Clocks, setting of 31 

Colors, national 261 

Condenser water test, etc. . 208 

Conduct report 329 

Confirmation of dispatches. 59 

Contraband 277 

Course and, speed 24 

Course, change of 25 

Courtesy 325 

Crew list, alien 70 

Crew list for immigration 
authorities ,. . 68 

Crew list, supplementary. . 71 

Custody of chief engineer. . 86 

Custody of chief officer. ... 85 

Custody of master 84 



Deck department 102 

Deck log entries : 

Birth 151 



Caution re changes in 

entries 159 

Character and qualifica- 
tions of crew 148 

Collision 156 

Death 150 

Leaving ship 153 

Marriage 152 

Medical history 149 

Method of making entries 157 

Miscellaneous 160 

Offense and punishment. . 147 
Offenses to be prosecuted. 146 

Properly kept 158 

Punishment 145 

Sale of deceased's effects. 155 

Wages of deceased 154 

Deep sea lead and sounding 
machine 29 

Delay or change in voyage. 89 

Department heads, responsi- 
bility of 3 

Departments, officers in 

charge 2 

Discharging mixed cargo.. 303 

Discharging preparations... 114 

"... 300 

Documents re G. A. expense 100 



E 



Electric lights and flash- 
lights 245 

Emergency repairs 311 

Emergency steering gear... 138 

Engineroom telegraph 196 

Engineers' department .... 161 

Engineers' department, econ- 
omy in 190 

Engineers' department, pre- 
cautions in 192 

Engineers' department, sug- 
gestions for economy in.. 191 

Engineers' journal 170 

Engineers' log 173 

Engineer watch officer's 
duties : 
Breakdowns, etc 182 



154 



INDEX (Continued) 



Danger when relieving. . . 185 

Maintain speed 180 

Remains in boiler or 

engine room f. . 186 

Represents chief engineer 179 

Signals from bridge 181 

Unusual expenditures of 

fuel, etc 183 

When relieved 184 

Equipment, navigational.... 39 

Equipment, test of 46 

Expansion of oil 290 

Expenses incurred thru ac- 
cident, etc 101 

Extended voyage 225 



F 



Files, keeping ship's 61 

Fire drill and equipment. . . 239 

Fire fighting apparatus, re- 
sponsibility for . . . . 248 

Fires, means for extinguish- 
ing 249 

Fires out when jettisoning. 96 

Fires, sand for 251 

Fire station bills 260 

Flag, quarantine 262 

Flashlights 245 

Food inspection 259 

Foreign port, paying off in. . .74 

Freezing, precautions against 250 

Fresh water 83 

Fresh water supply 172 

Fuel supply, etc 172 

Fumigation 276 

G 

Gas helmets 240 

Gas helmets, purpose of . . . . 243 

General average 99 

Gratuities or commissions. . 324 

Grease extractors 209 



H 



Hand steering gear test. ... 140 
Harbor regulations 263 



Harter act (negligence 
clause) 65 

Heaving in chain 131 

Hose chafing, preventing. . . 298 
Hose connections at exposed 

berths 288 

Hose outlets and fittings... 143 

Hose to be blown out 305 

Hydrographic office reports. 48 



Indicator cards 215 

Inspection after discharge.. 304 

Inspection, captain's 9 

Inspection of food, etc 259 

Inspection of movable gear. 141 

Insurance of personnel, etc. 331 

Insurance of vessels 98 

Investigation of accidents. . 16 



Jettisoning cargo 
Joining ship, Master's. 



95 
5 



"Lamp, The" 330 

Lead, use of 28 

Leaks, inspection for 310 

Leave in safe port 265 

Leave of absence 56 

Leaving port, duties on.... 41 
Liability, master not to ad- 
mit 93 

License, increase in 328 

Lights, no naked 246 

Loading and discharging. . . 114 
Loading and discharging, 

knowledge of 279 

Loading and discharging 

signals 281 

Loading over all 297 

Loading preparations 282 

Loading signal test 286 

Loading with ballast on 
board 287 



155 



INDEX (Continued) 



1 

Log, punishment entered in. 14 
Lookouts 6 

Lungmotor and gas helmets 240 
Lungmotor instruction, etc. 241 
Lungmotor, purpose of . . . . 242 



M 



Machinery overhaul 55 

Machinery, repairs to 169 

Machinist, duties of 189 

Main engine and helm se- 
cured 52 

Main engine test. 198 

Main engine trial 171 

Manifest 66 

Marine department cable 

address 58 

Marine hospitals 19 

Master in command 1 

Master on bridge 22 

Master, owner's representa- 
tive 4 

Master's custody 84 

Master's paramount duty. . . 20 

Master to be informed of 

repairs 234 

Master, upon joining ship. . 5 

Matches, safety 247 

Mates' duties : 

Assignment by chief 

officer 115 

Reporting misconduct, etc. 116 

Meals 258 

Meals, extra 226 

Medical assistance . 18 

Medicine chest 17 

Mexico, rules in 323 

Misconduct of personnel. ... 12 

Molasses, transportation of: 

Cleaning tanks 316 

Discharging 319 

Heater coils 318 

Loading 317 

Loading oil after a cargo 

of molasses , . . . 320 



Mooring lines, old, returned 139 
Movable gear inspection... 141 



N 



Navigational equipment. ... 39 

Navigation duty, paramount 20 

Night order book 30 

Noon reports ...... 256 

Notify chief officer and 

engineer re sailing 43 

Noting protest 90 



Oil and acid effects in boiler 

water 206 

Oil expansion 290 

Organization, tank steamer : 

Master 1 

Departments 2 

Head of departments. ... 3 

Overhaul of machinery and 

boilers 55 

Owner's representative 4 



Package goods, shipment of 254 

Painting regulations 144 

Panama Canal, night quar- 
antine 322 

Paramount duty of master. 20 
Paying off in foreign port. 74 

Payroll 73 

Personnel, annuities, bonus, 

stock and insurance 331 

Personnel, grievances of . . . . 11 
Personnel, ill, injured or de- 
ceased 79 

Personnel, instruction to... 252 
Personnel, in tanks, etc. . . . 202 
Personnel, medical assist- 
ance of 18 

Personnel, misconduct of . . . 12 
Personnel, punishment of... 13 



156 



INDEX (Continued) 



Personnel, safeguarding. ... 200 

Personnel, welfare of 10 

Personnel, work of engi- 
neering 216 

Photographs of officers. . . 78 

Pilot does not relieve master 

of responsibility 35 

Pilot on leaving port 45 

Pipe lines, cleaning of 313 

Plug holes and air vents. . . 299 

Pollution of waters 263 

" 315 

Port crew 264 

Position, ship's 33 

Preparations for port 50 

Preservation of interior 

structure 142 

Press agents 326 

Pressure relief valves 309 

Private trading prohibited. . 273 

Promotions 327 

Property, economy and pro- 
tection of 8 

Pumpman, duties of 187 

Pumpman, knowledge of 

loading, etc 279 

Pumpman, when signing on 188 



Q 



Quarantine, flag 



262 



Rat guards 113 

Receipts, signing of 81 

Record book for chronometer 37 

Record of, sights 32 

Records, master's responsi- 
bility for 15 

Records of paramount im- 
portance 62 

Red flag or light displayed. 281 

Refrigerator temperatures. . 217 

Relief valves 309. 

Repairs, emergency 311 

Repairs, general : 

Checkers 228 

Foreign ports 233 



Master to be informed. . . 234 

New York 230 

Outports and Tampico. . . 232 

Procedure 229 

Requirements 227 

U. S. ports except New 

York 231 

Wireless 235 

Repairs of damages thru 

accident 94 

Repairs to steam lines, etc. 203 

Reporters or press agents. . 326 

Report of accident to vessel 98 

Report of conduct 329 

Reports, list of 80 

Reports, noon 256 

Reports, ship's papers, etc. 57 
Report, when visiting a port 

out of usual trade 321 

Restricted waters, caution 

in 27 

Rules of the road 21 

" " " 129 



S 



Safety precautions : 

Cargo 280 

Demonstration and prac- 
tice 244 

Fire drills and equip- 
ment 239 

Lungmotors and gas hel- 
mets 240 

Matches 247 

No exemptions 255 

Package goods, shipment 

of 254 

Personnel, instructions to. 252 

Sand 251 

Signals to men in tanks, 

etc 243 

Smothering lines 2 53 

Strict observance 238 

Safety valve test 214 

Sailing time 54 

Salvage 97 

Sanitation 10 

Seaworthiness 41 



157 



INDEX (Continued) 



Seaworthiness certificate. . . 

Secured for sea 

Ship's papers 

Ship's position under way. . 

Sickness or injury 

Sights, record of 

Signals, test of 

Signing on new crew 

Slack tanks 

Slop chest articles 

Slop chest, cost of purchas- 
ing 

Slop chest, master's profit. . 
Slop chest, master provides. 
Slop chests, when required. 

Slops 

Smoking 

Smothering lines 

Smuggling 

Soda and kerosene in boiler 
Soundings 



Spare parts 

Speed 

Speed, change of 

Speed, in thick weather. . . . 

Steam lines, etc., taking 
down 

Steam lines, water in 

Steam smothering lines.... 

Steering engine test 

Steering gear, emergency. . . 

Steering gear, hand 

Steward's department : 

Condemned stores 

Duties of steward 

Inventory 

Opening freezing rooms, 
etc 

Stores, issue of 

Stock acquisition plan 

Store lists 

Stores, condemned 

Stores, inventory of 

Stores, issue of 

Stores, receiving on board . . 
Stowaways 



If 

91 

44 

57 

33 

79 

32 

197 

69 

289 

271 

270 

272 

269 

268 

315 

267 

253 

277 

20? 

28 

29 

237 

24 

25 

26 

203 
194 
285 
199 
138 
140 

221 
218 

222 

220 
219 
331 

72 
221 
222 
219 

82 
274 



Submarine cable, damage to 135 
Submarine signaling device. 236 
Summer tanks, loading of.. 293 

Summer tanks, use of 292 

Supplementary crew list... 71 

Supplies, ample 42 

Supplies, purchase of 223 

Survey, other party repre- 
sented 92 



Tank lids down . 302 

Tanks, care of cargo. ...... 308 

Tanks, chemist's test 314 

Tanks, steaming of 312 

Tanks, watching filled 295 

Tanks, watch over while 

loading 294 

Telegraph, engine room.... 196 

Temperatures before dis- 
charging 301 

Test before getting under 

way 136 

Test signals 197 

Thick weather, restricted 

waters 27 

Thick weather, speed in. . . . 26 

Tides, stage of 51 

Time for sailing 54 

Topping off 291 

Tugs and pilot 45 

Turbine reduction sets 193 



U 



Ullages 257 

Ullages fcefore discharging. 301 

Ullages, daily 307 

Unventilated compartments. 202 
U. S. Steamboat Inspection 

Service Rules 7 



Vacuum in boilers 201 

Valves, avoid closing against 
pumps 296 



158 



INDEX (Continued) 



Valves, marking 1 14 4 A 

Vigilance, continual 195 

Voyage, extended - 225 



W 



Watch officer, chart for. ... 34 

Watch officer, general : 

Anchor and cables 130 

Rules of the road 129 

Watch officer's duties : 

Authority in emergency.. 118 

Duty on relieving- 125 

In case of danger when 

relieving- 128 

Inspection of ship 127 

Navigational} duties 122 

Remains on bridge 126 

Represents master 117 



Safety of ship 123 

Sighting land, etc 121 

Soundings 124 

Unusual weather 120 

Vessel in danger 119 

Water in steam lines 194 

Weather conditions 23 

Weather forecasts 47 

Winch or windlass ends, 

improper use of 137 

Winch test 199 

Wireless direction finders. . 40 
Wireless operator, ship's 

clerk 60 

Wireless repairs 235 

Wives on board 275 



Zinc plates 204 



Form 23— 6887-S2766 



159 



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